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“The New South” Review Activity Chapter 17

“The New South” Review Activity Chapter 17. Steps:. Write down your assigned topics in your notebook. Below each, locate and record the “who, what, where, when and why” about each topic. You’ll present the topics to the class while the class copies the material in their

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“The New South” Review Activity Chapter 17

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  1. “The New South” Review Activity Chapter 17

  2. Steps: • Write down your assigned topics in your • notebook. • Below each, locate and record the “who, • what, where, when and why” about each • topic. • You’ll present the topics to the class while • the class copies the material in their • notebook.

  3. Label the date and event/term on the timeline… 1860 1880 1910 1890

  4. Plessy v. Ferguson -1896 Supreme Court Case established “separate but equal” doctrine regarding segregation in public places. -Homer Plessy filed suit against a railroad company that forced him to sit in an all black passenger car after he’d paid for a first class ticket. -Example of “de jure” segregation and a Jim Crow law used in the South. “The Clansman” -Book written by Thomas Dixon that was the basis for the full length motion picture “A Birth of a Nation” (D.W. Griffith). -Dixon was a white supremacist from New York living in North Carolina. -The movie (Birth of a Nation) glamourized and glorified the Confederacy during the Civil War, thus reinforcing the old ideas of the “Lost Cause” attitude that was already strong in the South.

  5. Agricultural Wheel • - Farmers in Arkansas formed this group in 1882 due to their • disappointment with the Grange. • - The organization grew to over 500,000 members by 1887 and • had the goals of purchasing farm equipment directly from • the manufacturer , called for federal programs to ease • credit, a graduated income tax and the printing of more • currency by the government. • The People’s Grocery • - 1892 three black men opened a grocery store in Memphis, TN • near a white owned grocery store. • - Since the black owned store was competing with the white • store, it’s owner, Wm. Barrett charged them with creating a • public nuisance. • - Blacks protested, police arrived to arrest protesters and owners • for making “threats”, and days later the three were shot to death • - Ida B. Wells condemned this lynching in her newspaper.

  6. Grandfather Clause - Created to avoid preventing poor southern whites from voting in the South due to Jim Crow laws such as poll taxes, literacy tests and using the secret ballot in elections. - It stated that if one’s grandfather was able to vote before 1867, then the above laws did not apply to you, and you could vote. These were used in southern states after 1890 to stop blacks from voting. Southern Farmers’ Alliance - Strongest of the farmers alliances, started in Texas in the late 1870s to market their crops collectively as a group. - In 1887, Wisconsin farmer Charles Macune expanded it into a national organization, increasing its membership to 300,000 and one million by 1890. - In addition to farming concerns(subtreasury plan), they were also very religious (members had to believe in Christ, strict morality, help poor).

  7. Jim Crow Laws - Name given to segregation laws used in the South 1880s. - Originated from an 1820s vaudeville show character played by actor Tom Rice that portrayed a very negative stereotype of blacks. Tuskegee Institute - Vocational school for blacks founded by Booker T. Washington in Alabama in 1881 that stressed industrial skill training. - Part of Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise” idea.

  8. The Solid South - Term given to the white Democratic Party in the south that dominated southern politics from 1877 until the 1950s. - After the Compromise of 1877 with the removal of federal troops from the south, Democratic governments were re- elected, purging many blacks from government. Colored Farmers Alliance - Formed in 1886 by black farmers in Texas since the Southern Farmers Alliance refused to allow black members. - This group had fewer landowners and more tenant farmers and sharecroppers and focused mainly on higher wages for agricultural workers. First strike in 1891 in the south failed.

  9. N.A.A.C.P. - Co-founded by W.E.B. DuBois in 1910, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was an interracial organization that advocated granting full civil rights to African Americans. - Influenced by DuBois idea that full civil rights needed to be granted immediately, he authored the book “The Souls of Black Folk” on this topic. Redeemer Democrats - Name given to those white Democratic Party members who returned to office after Reconstruction ended in 1877. - Most of these Redeemer Democrats were mainly large land- owners and merchants, NOT small farmers, and believed they had “saved” the South from Republican and African- American controlled government.

  10. Atlanta Compromise - Booker T. Washington’s idea that blacks should concentrate on vocational training to secure jobs and only then focus on gaining full equal civil rights, from a speech made in 1895. - Caused DuBois to strongly disagree with Washington, claiming that regardless of economic status, all Americans should have full equal rights. Subtreasury Plan - Southern Farmers’ Alliance’s plan to stabilize crop prices by asking the government to loan farmers up to 80% of the value of their crop until the prices increased, then they would pay back the loan once the farmer sold his crop. - Government refused to accept the plan by 1880s.

  11. W.C.T.U. - Women’s Christian Temperance Union was organized by Lucy Haygood in Atlanta in 1880 to visit schools and educate the public on the “evils of alcohol”. - By the 1890s they realized that in order to achieve their goals women needed the right to vote and member Rebecca Felton pushed hard for this, later becoming the first female senator. Populist Party - Founded in 1890s, this political party was formed by Kansas farmers who realized the alliances were not working and need to reorganize in order to elect candidates to public office. - Supported wide range of reforms (direct election of senators, gov’t control of RR, income tax, woman suffrage, ease credit) - Leaders included Tom Watson, John Raynor.

  12. National Grange - 1875 The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry” form- ed, leadership was mainly large landowners who wanted limited government assistance, fence laws, controls on farm labor. - Since these issues worked against what smaller farmers wanted many members left to join other organizations. Dr. John Pemberton - 1886 he sold the patent rights of Coca-Cola to Asa Chandler who turned the headache cure into a nationwide soft drink. - One example of a boom industry for the South.

  13. James Duke - 1884 he installed the first automatic cigarette-making machine in his American Tobacco Company in Durham, NC. - Using “bright leaf” tobacco, Duke eventually controlled 80% of the industry in the US by 1890. Carolina Piedmont - Region in the south that was the center of the textile industry that had good transportation systems (RR), plentiful labor and energy. - By 1900 the region surpassed New England in the production of cotton textiles.

  14. Disfranchisement - To prevent a group of people from voting, in the South this would have been African-Americans in the 1870s. - Included poll taxes, literacy tests, secret ballot which would effectively reverse the 15th Amendment (vote). Deskilling - Blacks were excluded by law from joining white craft, trade and labor unions which meant they could not be trained in the skills needed to become a union carpenter, or mason or plumber… - This meant that blacks had to take lower paying (non-union trained) jobs which hurt them financially in the 1880s.

  15. Bishop Henry Turner - Leader of the A.M.E. (African Methodist Episcopal Church) who led a failed movement to lead African-Americans from the South to return to Africa (Liberia) in the 1870s. - Result of the unfair treatment in the south. 13. Ida B. Wells - Black journalist in Memphis, TN who condemned the actions of the white authorities in the People’s Grocery Store incident. - Whites destroyed her newspaper presses office and she fled to Chicago, IL in fear of her life in 1892.

  16. Essay Format: Topic Sentence (TS): Introduces your paragraph, sets the thesis. CD Specific details, examples, that prove your topic sentence. CD CM Connects cd’s, analyzes them, shows c/e, or deeper description or more specific example. CD CD CM TST (This Shows That): Makes the point of how your cd’s prove your topic sentence. (minimum 8 sentences)

  17. Essay Topics: • Segregation and Disfranchisement in the South • The Economy of the South • Farmers’ organizations in the South • African-American response to discrimination • The role of women in the South

  18. Study Tips • Re-read the chapter. • Use your syllabus to identify terms and objectives listed. • Study your notes. • Take the online practice test on the Goldfield website. • Read the chapter summary and review at the end of the chapter. • Review the chapter headings and rephrase into a question.

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