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Ancient Chinese Civilizations. The Shang, Zhou & Qin Dynasties. The first known dynasty of China was the Shang dynasty. Geo: This dynasty united the people living around the Huang He and Yangtze river valleys. The Zhou Dynasty. Around 1027 B.C., the Zhou conquered the Shang .
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Ancient Chinese Civilizations The Shang, Zhou & Qin Dynasties
The first known dynasty of China was the Shang dynasty. Geo: This dynasty united the people living around the Huang He and Yangtze river valleys.
The Zhou Dynasty • Around 1027 B.C., the Zhou conquered the Shang. • The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other Chinese dynasty. It lasted from 1027 B.C. to 221 B.C. • In order to govern area, began practicing feudalism • Japan’s rugged terrain • Hard for rulers to look over nobles (gave nobles more power) • nobility (samurai) were religiously loyal to their local lords, the lords didn’t give them land to own
Mandate of Heaven • The Mandate of Heaven was the Chinese belief that the gods picked the emperor to rule but the gods could also remove a bad emperor from power. • The Mandate of Heaven can be viewed as the right to rule. • Dynastic cycle: The ruler kept the Mandate of Heaven for as long as he ruled effectively.
Philosophers during Zhou China • During the Zhou dynasty, two important Chinese philosophies developed. • Confucianism and Daoism were two significant philosophies developed during the Zhou dynasty. • Both philosophies stressed the importance of harmony as Zhou China experienced increased warfare.
Confucianism….Remember? • Confucius was China’s most influential scholar. • He had a deep desire to restore the moral order of earlier times. • He thought people should abide by a code of proper conduct within their relationships. • Ruler to subject • Parent to child • Husband to wife • Elder to younger sibling • Friend to friend
It is believed that the founder of Daoism or Taoism was Lao Tzu. Daoism was a philosophy that stressed the importance of nature. By living naturally, harmony could be achieved. Daoism (Laozi)
The Universe of Opposites: Find the Balance! Yin Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Heaven; Sun Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth; Moon Yang
Achievements of the Zhou Empire • built roads and canals • coined money / helped trade • furnaces produced cast iron
Zhou to Qin: Warring States • Disorder or loose government of Later Zhou devolves into “Warring States Period” • Autonomous smaller regions emerge as largely independent nations • Periodic war ensues • One among the several emerges to establish a new, far more centralized dynasty • Qin Dynasty emerges as the first Chinese “Empire” 221 BC
Qin Shi Huang Di Unifies China by brute force Adopts Legalism as official governing ideology-Humans are selfish and evil; can not be reformed Rules with ruthless, iron fist Confucian doctrine is misguided and corrupting
Qin Dynasty:Qin Shi HuangDi Rejects Confucian Governance Rules Orders Slaughter of 400 Scholars Orders ALL Confucian Documents/Books Burned
Qin Dynasty Captures and unifies much of China Builds first Great Wall Builds Canal System Include this under summary
Qin Dynasty:Qin Shi Huang Di Builds Great Tomb Terracotta Warriors – 8000 + and still counting
Qin Dynasty: Problems Legalism Provides no Legitimating Myth No Mandate of Heaven Claim Legalism = rule of law --- but by force Force as a source of Power???Generates Hostility Requires vigilant monitoring Inevitably creates the revolution that destroys it
Qin Dynasty: Collapse 205 BC First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, Dies Son, heir not as capable or brutal Alienation leads to revolt and collapse
Map these areas/places Shang Dynasty outline in color/Capital of Anyang Zhou Dynasty outline in color/Capital of Luoyang Qin Dynasty outline in color/Capital of Xianyang Great Wall in map D p. 23 Huang He/Yellow River Yangtze River Bay of Bengal South China Sea East China Sea Gobi Desert Himalaya Mountains
