Reforming American Society 1820-1850

1. Reforming American Society 1820-1850

3. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society? • Second Great Awakening: religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation and the need for personal and social improvement was emphasized • Rejected the idea of predestination • Promoted individualism and responsibility

4. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society? • Second Great Awakening:(cont.) • Revivalism: emotional meetings designed to awaken religious faith through passionate preaching and prayer • Ex: Charles Grandison Finney

5. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society? • Second Great Awakening:(cont.) • Enslaved African-American embrace Christianity • Baptist and Methodist churches were open to both blacks and whites • Free African-Americans establish churches • Richard Allen-Bethel African Church in Philadelphia

6. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society? • Reform of Asylums and Prisons: • Dorothea Dix: • Reported on the inhumane conditions in prisons and asylums • Result: • 1843-laws passed at improving conditions • 1845-1852: Helped to set up hospitals for the mental ill • Focused on rehabilitation

8. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery? • Rural Slavery: • Large plantation lifestyle • Endless labor • Strict conditions • Unskilled work • Urban Slavery: • Growth of cotton industry created a demand for slaves • Skilled laborers

9. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery? • Nat Turner’s Rebellion: • Preacher that spurred on rebellion • 1831- Turner attacked four plantations with 80 men • Result: • Rebellion put down by federal and state troops • Turner caught and put to death • Strengthened southern resolve to control their slaves

10. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery? • Abolitionist Movement: • A call to outlaw slavery • William Lloyd Garrison: • Editor of The Liberator • Called for emancipation (free of the slaves with no payment to slaveholders) • New England Anti-Slavery Society • National Anti-Slavery Society

11. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery? • Abolitionist Movement: (cont.) • David Walker • Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1829 • Fight for freedom rather than waiting for slave owners to end slavery

12. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery? • Abolitionist Movement: (cont.) • Frederick Douglass: • Hoped political action could abolish slavery • The North Star

15. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s? • Role of Women mid-1800’s: • Cult of domesticity • Focus on home and family • Activities restricted to housework and child care • No right to vote • No right to sit on a jury

16. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s? • Women and the reform movement: • Sarah and Angelina Grimke-Abolitionists • An Appeal to Christian Women of the South • Raised money, literature, petitioned Congress • Temperance Movement: • An effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

17. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s? • Women and the reform movement: (cont.) • Education: • Emma Willard- Troy Female Seminary 1821 • Mary Lyon-Mount Holyoke Female Seminary 1837 • Health: • Elizabeth Blackwell-New York Infirmary for Women and Children

18. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s? • Women’s Rights Movement: • Seneca Falls 1848: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott • Declaration of Sentiments- statement of grievances • Modeled after the Declaration of Independence