Day 21 Reforming American Society

1. Day 21 Reforming American Society • Homework: 144-149

2. When Israel was in Egypt’s land,Let My people go!Oppressed so hard they could not stand,Let My people go! Refrain:Go down, Moses,Way down in Egypt’s land;Tell old PharaohTo let My people go! No more shall they in bondage toil,Let My people go!Let them come out with Egypt’s spoil,Let My people go! Oh, let us all from bondage flee,Let My people go!And let us all in Christ be free,Let My people go! You need not always weep and mourn,Let My people go!And wear these slav’ry chains forlorn,Let My people go! Your foes shall not before you stand,Let My people go!And you’ll possess fair Canaan’s land,Let My people go! Go Down Moses- Negro Spiritual

3. De Boatman’s Dance Minstrels were performed by whites (typically working class Irish) in black face Many learned banjo playing techniques from African Americans

4. Spiritual Awakening • Revivals from 1790-1830 “2nd Great Awakening” • Personal Responsibility and salvation • Unitarians- reason to path of perfection • Ralph Waldo Emerson- Romanticism • Transcendentalism- simplicity and truth in nature • African American Churches- Promise of Freedom- Egypt

5. Slavery and Abolition • William Lloyd Garrison – spreads concept of abolition with “The Liberator”- by any means necessary • Sarah and Angeline Grimke- Father slaveholder but fought to end it • Fredrick Douglas- African American leader of abolitionist movement- newspapers, had been an urban slave

6. By 1830’s Slaves were predominantly African-American • David Walker- former slave calls for violent overthrow of slavery • Turner’s Rebellion- Nat Turner leads rebellion • Tightening of Regulations by slave holders

7. Women • Cult of Domesticity • Women were the largest group of reformers (slavery, mentally ill, prisons) • First Schools for women • First women's health centers and doctors (Catherine Beacher) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott are not accepted by abolitionist men so they hold Seneca Falls Convention • Sojourner Truth- took on new name as she travelled to speak against slavery

8. “Well, children, where there is so much racket there must be something out of kilter. think that 'twixt the negroes of the South and the women at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But what's all this here talking about? That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man – when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman? Then they talk about this thing in the head; what's this they call it? [member of audience whispers, "intellect"] That's it, honey. What's that got to do with women's rights or negroes' rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldn't you be mean not to let me have my little half measure full? Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back , and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them. Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain't got nothing more to say”

9. Reforms • Dorothy Dix opens nine hospitals for mentally ill in South • Amelia Bloomer- designed clothes for women’s comfort • Temperance movement- To end alcohol use

10. Summary Questions • What was the religious revival between 1790-1830? • The key concept to this movement started by Ralph Waldo Emerson was truth that could be found in nature? • Who established 9 new hospitals for the mentally ill in the south? • What do the terms emancipation and abolition mean? • Who was the white man that established a newspaper “the liberator” calling for the abolishment of slavery? • Who was the former slave that called for the non violent abolishment of slavery? • Who led a slave rebellion was tried and then hung? • What two women created the Seneca Falls convention? • What was the movement that attempted to end the consumption of alcohol? • What was the event that was the official start to the women’s rights movement?