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Civil Conflict in Africa: Achieving Peace

By David Partridge. Civil Conflict in Africa: Achieving Peace. Civil Conflict in Africa. Africa Second largest continent Second largest population on earth Over 1 billion people Africa and civil conflict Somalia Sierra Leone Conflicts share similar causes Foreign influence

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Civil Conflict in Africa: Achieving Peace

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  1. By David Partridge Civil Conflict in Africa: Achieving Peace

  2. Civil Conflict in Africa • Africa • Second largest continent • Second largest population on earth • Over 1 billion people • Africa and civil conflict • Somalia • Sierra Leone • Conflicts share similar causes • Foreign influence • Poor economic development

  3. Sierra Leonean Civil War • Began in March of 1991 • The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) • Attacked a village in southern Sierra Leone • Over 50,000 casualties • Fueled by criminal activity and misleading propaganda

  4. Criminal Activity and Propaganda • The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) • Funds gained from illegal diamond trade • weapons and ammunition • Control of mining districts • Sold illicit diamonds to private customers • Conflict or “blood” diamonds • Exploitation of child soldiers. • 5,400 children forced to fight in Sierra Leone • Atrocities in battle • RUF tainted Africa’s diamond industry

  5. Somali Civil War • Began on January 26th, 1991 • Two major clan-based armed opposition groups • The Samaal Clan • The Saab Clan. • Formed coalition to overthrow the government • Fueled by long standing ethnic grudges among citizens

  6. Ethnic- influenced Conflict Among Citizens • Transitional Federal Government (TFG) • Formed in 2004 • Clan-based factions came together • Control of Somalia’s southern conflict zones • 2006- TFG and Ethiopian troops • Took power from Islamic Courts Union (ICU) • ICU broke into more radical groups • Al-Shabaab • Fights for control of Southern region of Somalia • Ethnically focused clan-based fighting occurs

  7. Similarities Between Civil Conflicts • Civil conflicts of Somalia and Sierra Leone • Both caused by: • Corruption • Poor developing economy • Poorly managed foreign involvement. • National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC) and Executive Outcomes • April of 1992 -Young military leaders established the NPRC • Hired mercenary firm Executive Outcomes (EO) • UN - termination of contract with EO • RUF began invading mining fields again • Russia’s influence on Somalia • Somalia’s army superior in Sub-Saharan Africa • Soviet Union collapsed- Somali Army and governmental power declined

  8. Essential Question and Conclusion When does a regional issue become the world’s responsibility? • Potential to Recover • Sierra Leone • Rebuild mining industry • Child soldier relief programs, • Somalia • Feuding clans could come together • Government representing each individual fairly. • “Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding”- Albert Einstein

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