Aim: review for test on Civil War & Reconstruction

1. Aim: review for test on Civil War & Reconstruction Essay Topic: Presidential v. Congressional Reconstruction. Know both plans. Complete castlelearning

2. Missouri Compromise 1820 • Compromise of 1820- (goal of each compromise- maintain a sectional balance). • Problem: Should Missouri enter as a free state or a slave state. • Solution- Missouri a slave state, Maine a free state. No slaver North of 36’ 30. • Created a future problem because it divided California in half (western territories).

3. Compromise of 1850 • Problem: California- free or slave. Should there be slavery in D.C.? If a slave runs away to the north are they free? • Solution: California was free. No slave trade in D.C. Passed a stricter fugitive slave law. Established popular sovereignty. • Popular sovereignty will create future problems.

4. Popular Sovereignty • Means let the people decide- vote. • It was not successful- “Bleeding Kansas”

5. States’ Rights • Cause of the Civil War. • States may not secede from the Union. • Strengthened the power of the Federal government over state governments.

6. Abolitionists • People who wanted an end to slavery. • Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Tom’sCabin • Harriet Tubman- underground railroad

7. Lincoln’s Post Civil War Goal • To put the nation back together as quickly and easily as possible.

8. Secession • Immediate cause for secession was the election of Abraham Lincoln (1860).

9. Radical Republicans • Group in Congress that wanted to punish the south after the Civil War. • Their plan wins out.

10. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan • 10% Plan- 10% of the male population of the state had to take the oath of loyalty. • LENIENT • “With malice (hatred) towards none.”

11. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan • Ratify 13th amendment. • 10% oath of loyalty. • Remove northern armies from the South. • Lenient- continuation of Lincoln’s Plan. • Johnson is a Democrat. • Congress was Republican- conflict begins.

12. Congressional Reconstruction • Radical Republicans in Congress want to punish the South. • Divide South into 5 military districts. • 13, 14, 15th amendments passed. • Congressional plan wins.

13. 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments • 13- abolished slavery • 14- grants citizenship and “equal protection under the law.” • 15- black male suffrage.

14. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson • Johnson was impeached for violation of Tenure of Office Act. • Found not guilty by one vote.

15. Election of 1876 • Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President. • Remove the military from the South. • Put a southerner on the cabinet.

16. Jim Crow Laws • Allowed for segregated public facilities: restrooms, trains, parks, water fountains.

17. Plessy v. Ferguson • “separate but equal”- 1896 • Segregated facilities. • Failure of Reconstruction. • Reversed by Brown v. Board- 1954

18. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln • Reconstruction taken over by Congress. • Radical Reconstruction

19. Literacy Test, Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause • Poll taxes- a tax on every voter. Those who were too poor could not vote. • Literacy Tests-required citizens to demonstrate that they could read and write before voting. • Grandfather Clause- allowed the son or grandson of a voter in 1866 or 1867 to vote.