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Medical terminology

Medical terminology. Part 8 . The endocrine system. Constructed medical terms:.

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Medical terminology

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  1. Medical terminology Part 8 The endocrine system

  2. Constructed medical terms: Many medical terms are ‘constructed’ from a combination of word parts… prefixes, Greek or Roman root words, and suffixes. Determine the meaning of the whole word by first deciphering the meaning of the suffix, then the prefix, and finally the root word. Then combine the 3 parts. MICRO / SCOP / IC Prefix meaning ‘small’ / root word meaning ‘viewing instrument’ / suffix meaning ‘pertaining to’ When you start with a root word and add a suffix that starts with a consonant OR another root word, then you have to connect the two word parts with a vowel. This is called a ‘combining vowel’, and is usually an ‘o, i, or e’. HEM / O / PHILIA Root word meaning ‘blood’ / combining vowel / suffix meaning ‘love of’

  3. Nonconstructed medical terms: If a medical term is not constructed from a combination of word parts, then it is called ‘nonconstructed’. These are words derived from other languages, words derived from names of people, from initials that form acronyms, or from abbreviations. To learn the meanings of nonconstructed terms, you must simply commit them to memory. The term ‘pasteurize’ refers to the process of heating milk to a temperature that kills harmful microorganisms. The term is derived from the name of its inventor… Louis Pasteur (1822-1895).

  4. Medical root words of the endocrine system…

  5. Medical prefixes for the endocrine system…

  6. Medical suffixes for the endocrine system…

  7. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Endocrine (EN doh krin) Body system that works with the nervous system and includes the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreatic islets, and gonads.

  8. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Hormone (HŌR moan) The chemical secretion from an endocrine gland, a hormone changes cell functions and alters body activities.

  9. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Acidosis (ass ih DOH siss) Occurs when carbon dioxide, the waste product from cellular metabolism, accumulates in blood and tissues to form carbonic acid. It is a symptom of diabetes OR respiratory or kidney disorders.

  10. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Acromegaly (ak roh MEG ah lee) Excessive amounts of the growth hormone from the pituitary gland are secreted during adulthood. It causes enlargement of the bone structures, especially the hands and face. Progression of disease from early (normal) normal to later (disfigured) years…

  11. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Exophthalmos (eks off THAL mos) An abnormal protrusion of the eyes, it is a symptom of excessive activity of the thyroid gland.

  12. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Goiter (GOY ter) A nonconstructed term. An abnormal swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or an infection of the gland.

  13. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Hirsutism (HER soot izm) A nonconstructed term. Excessive production of androgen hormones from the adrenal cortex causes excessive body hair. When this occurs in women, it may be accompanied by muscle and bone growth resulting in masculinization.

  14. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Ketosis (kee TOH siss) A high level of ketone bodies in the blood and urine. It is the result of starvation, low-carb diets (where muscle and fat is being burned for fuel instead of carbohydrates), and of some forms of diabetes.

  15. Medical terms, signs, & symptoms of the endocrine system… Polydipsia (PALL ee DIP see ah) An abnormal state of excessive thirst, it sometimes accompanies disorders of the pituitary gland or pancreas.

  16. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Adenosis (add en OH siss) A general term for any disease of a gland. Normal thyroid gland Diseased thyroid gland

  17. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Cretinism (KREE tin izm) May result when the thyroid gland does not produce normal levels of growth hormones at birth. It results in reduced mental development and physical growth.

  18. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Diabetes Insipidus (DYE ah BEE teez in SIP ih duss) Results from the under-secretion of ADH… antidiuretic hormone. Symptoms include excessive thirst and excessive urination. This type of diabetes is rare and has is nothing like sugar diabetes.

  19. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Diabetes Mellitus(DYE ah BEE teez MELL ih tuss) The pancreas does not produce enough insulin to metabolize carbohydrates, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Left unmanaged, it may result in kidney, nerve, or eye damage or even death. Type 1 requires insulin replacement. Type 2 appears during adulthood and can be controlled by diet and exercise.

  20. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Hyperadrenalism (HIGH per add REN al izm) The adrenal cortex produces too much of the hormone cortisol causing Cushing Syndrome. It is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, a round face, and muscle weakness. Cushing Syndrome When too little hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex, it causes Addison’s Disease characterized by anemia, irritability of the stomach, reduced heart action, and skin color change.

  21. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Hypercalcemia (HIGH per kal SEE mee ah) The parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream, and softening of the bones can result.

  22. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Hypoglycemia(HIGH poh glye SEE mee ah) This is the opposite of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is too much insulin production and blood sugar levels are too low. This is accompanied by headache, weakness, tremors, hunger, and anxiety. It can lead to coma or death.

  23. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Hyperthyroidism(HIGH per THIGH royd izm) When the thyroid gland produces too much hormone, it may result in exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, rapid heart rate, and weight loss. One chronic form of this is Graves Disease.

  24. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Hypothyroidism(HIGH poh THIGH royd izm) When thyroid gland activity is deficient, it results in slow heart rate, dry skin, low energy, and weight gain. A chronic form of this disease is called myxedema (miks eh DEE mah). Before treatment - After treatment

  25. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Pancreatitis (PAN kree ah TYE tiss) This is a reaction to infection or trauma, and can be life threatening. The pancreas becomes inflamed and this results in the deficient production of insulin and possibly hyperglycemia.

  26. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Pituitary Dwarfism (pih TOO ih tair ee DWARF izm) The pituitary growth hormone is deficient at birth, resulting in short stature.

  27. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system… Pituitary Gigantism (pih TOO ih tair ee JYE gant izm) The pituitary growth hormone is abnormally high sometime before adolescence. During adulthood it results in acromegaly.

  28. Treatments and Procedures for the endocrine system… Radioiodine Therapy (RAY dee oh EYE oh dyne THAIR ah pee) Since the thyroid gland is the only body organ that uptakes iodine, radioactive iodine can be used to treat thyroid tumors by destroying tumor cells.

  29. Treatments and Procedures for the endocrine system… Thyroidectomy (THIGH royd EK toh mee) The removal of the thyroid gland. A thyroidotomy is simply an incision in the thyroid.

  30. Treatments and Procedures for the endocrine system… Thyroxine Test (THIGH rox een) Thyroxine is one of several hormones produced by the thyroid gland. It regulates glucose metabolism and cell division. This is a test to measure levels of thyroxine in the blood.

  31. Abbreviations associated with the endocrine system… FBS Fasting Blood Sugar When blood sugar levels are measured after a 12 hour fast, it is called a FBS. Non-fasting measurements can be self- administered with a glucose meter. A reading of 80-130mg/dl is a normal range.

  32. Abbreviations associated with the endocrine system… FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone LH Luteinizing Hormone Two pituitary hormones that control the production of testosterone from the male testicles and estrogen/progesterone from the female ovaries.

  33. Abbreviations associated with the endocrine system… GH Growth Hormone The hormone produced in the pituitary gland that controls overall growth of the body.

  34. Abbreviations associated with the endocrine system… GTT Glucose Tolerance Test The patient is given glucose orally or intravenously. Then at timed intervals, blood samples are taken and glucose levels are measured. Large fluctuations in blood sugar levels confirms a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

  35. Abbreviations associated with the endocrine system… HRT Hormone Replacement Therapy Synthetic or extracted hormones are given to the patient when the endocrine glands produce insufficient levels. This is an optional therapy for the treatment of symptoms in post-menopausal women.

  36. Medical terminology The End Part 8 The Endocrine system

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