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September 20, 2010

September 20, 2010. How did some show their opposition to the Reconstruction Act? The KKK and Anti-Black Violence Shifts in Political Power Homework: Finish Section 3 Notes. Opposition to Reconstruction. Most White Southerners became okay with African Americans new roles

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September 20, 2010

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  1. September 20, 2010 How did some show their opposition to the Reconstruction Act? The KKK and Anti-Black Violence Shifts in Political Power Homework: Finish Section 3 Notes

  2. Opposition to Reconstruction • Most White Southerners became okay with African Americans new roles • Some relied on violence to prevent them from participating in politics

  3. Ku Klux Klan and Anti-Black Violence • Founded as veterans social club • Started in Tennessee • Turned to violence to restore white supremacy

  4. Killed thousands including whites who tried to help African Americans • Other Southern Democrats used the violence to frighten A.A. away from the polls and swept the elections

  5. Economic Pressure • Forced many African Americans into working as laborers or sharecroppers • What is a sharecropper?

  6. Legislative Response • Congress passed Enforcement Acts – provide federal supervision where there was Klan and president the power to use federal troops • Grant not aggressive in use of power given to him • Supreme court later said that the president does not have the power to use federal troops in that manner

  7. Limited anti-klan legislation but klan activities decreased • Why? • White supremacy restored in South so not as needed

  8. Shifts in Political Power • Southern Democrats had opportunity to shift the balance of power in their favor • Amnesty Act: restored the state positions of former Confederates who would vote Democratic • Allowed Freedman’s Bureau to expire

  9. Scandals and Money Crises Hurt Republicans • Fraud and Bribery • Grant naive to who would take advantage of his position • Continued scandal under his administration

  10. Republican Unity Shattered • Liberal Republican Party – called for honest, efficient government and hoping to get rid of Grant • The election of 1872 proved the Republican Party was not united (even though Grant won)

  11. Continued Scandal • Whiskey Ring – internal-revenue collectors and other officials accepted bribes from whiskey distillers trying not to pay taxes • Secretary of War accepted bribes from merchants who wanted to keep their profitable trading posts in Indian territory • Secretary of Navy took bribes from shipbuilders • Secretary of Interior had shady dealings with land speculators

  12. Economic Turmoil • Panic of 1973 • many invested into the booming businesses • Jay Cooke invested in railroads but didn’t have enough people to invest in his line • His bank (the largest) went bankrupt • Others followed and stock market temporarily crashed

  13. Economic Turmoil • Currency Dispute • Greenbacks (money not backed by gold) • Many wanted to go back to gold standard while others wanted more greenbacks circulated • Specie Resumption Act – country goes back to the gold standard

  14. Judicial and Popular Support Fades • Supreme Court Decisions • Undermining the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (see chart page 398) • Northern Support Fades • Due to violence and lack of enforced laws, Northern voters turned their backs on the South in indifference

  15. September 22, 2010 • How was the election of 1876 a unique election? • Review for test on board • Election of 1876 • Political Cartoons • Homework: Study

  16. Democrats Redeem the South • Election of 1876 • Republicans chose Rutherford B. Hayes because Grant had too many scandals • Tilden was Democrats choice • Tilden won popular vote but Hayes won electoral votes (first time in American history that this happened)

  17. Southerners accept Hayes with conditions: • Withdrawal of federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina • Federal money to build railroad from Texas to the West Coast • To improve the South’s rivers, harbors, and bridges • Hayes had to appoint a conservative Southerner into cabinet • This was all known as the Compromise of 1877

  18. Home Rule in the South • Once the troops were removed, the Democrats took over the two states • In the end, the Republicans did not control any of the Southern states • Home rule was established – ability to run own state without government intervention • They passed laws that restricted the rights of African Americans, wiped out social programs, slashed taxes, and dismantled public schools

  19. Legacy of Reconstruction Weaknesses Strengths 13th Amendment abolished slavery 14th and 15th Amendments were passed and remained African American colleges were founded Inspired Civil Rights • Congress did not adequately protect rights • Supreme Court undermined decisions made • Radicals didn’t distribut land to former slaves which prevented them from becoming independently wealthy

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