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Syrer og baser

Syrer og baser. Repetition 2007. Indhold. Hvad kendetegner en syre? Hvad kendetegner en base? Eksempler pH-skalaen Neutralisation Sur regn. Hvad kendetegner en syre?. pH værdien < 7 Indeholder H i formlen Kan afgive H + - ioner Eksempler: H Cl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 CO 3 , H NO 3 ….

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Syrer og baser

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  1. Syrer og baser Repetition 2007

  2. Indhold • Hvad kendetegner en syre? • Hvad kendetegner en base? • Eksempler • pH-skalaen • Neutralisation • Sur regn

  3. Hvad kendetegner en syre? • pH værdien < 7 • Indeholder H i formlen • Kan afgive H+ - ioner • Eksempler: HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, HNO3…. • NB: Neutral = 7

  4. Hvad kendetegner en base? • pH værdien > 7 • Indeholder OH i formlen • Kan optage H+ - ioner • Eksempler: NaOH, Ca(OH)2 • NB: Neutral = 7

  5. Eksempler

  6. pH-skalaen

  7. pH-skalaen • Inddelt fra 0-13 (14): • Under 7: Syre; jo lavere pH-værdi jo stærkere syre • 7: Neutralt • Over 7: Base; jo højere pH-værdi jo stærkere base Stærk syre Neutral Stærk base Svag syre Svag base

  8. Neutralisation • Syre + base  Salt + vand • Eks: • HCl + NaOH  • H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-  • NaCl + HOH  • NaCl + H2O

  9. Sur regn • 80-er fænomen i Danmark, stadig problemer i andre lande • Svovl i olie og kul: • S + O2 SO2 (svovldioxid) • Der sker nu en af følgende ting: • 1: SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 (svovlsyrling) • 2a: 2 SO2 + O2  2 SO3 • 2b: SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 (svovlsyre)

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