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The Spread of Islam

The Spread of Islam. Origins of Islam. Why was the Arabian Peninsula both a likely and unlikely place to start a religion???. Likely. Unlikely. Strategic location. Geography – desert People – Bedouins Tribal No unity. Located bwn 3 continents & major waterways.

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The Spread of Islam

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  1. The Spread of Islam

  2. Origins of Islam • Why was the Arabian Peninsula both a likely and unlikely place to start a religion???

  3. Likely Unlikely • Strategic location • Geography – desert • People – • Bedouins • Tribal • No unity Located bwn 3 continents & major waterways

  4. Changes during Late Classical Period • Towns and Cities emerge in Arabia * * * *

  5. Role of Arab Merchants

  6. Growth of Arabic language

  7. Materialistic culture emerges Literacy and Education increases

  8. Fall of Rome

  9. Islam as a “Unifier” • Distinctly Arabic • Ended feuding tribes • Source of Authority • Equality and a moral code • Trade and profit making

  10. *Unity gave confidence Islamic Expansion *Chance for valuable lands/trade *Drought in Arabia *Seek Converts Why conquest? First Commanded by Muhammad Followed by the first Caliphs

  11. Why was it successful? • Quick, Agile Army • Weak Surrounding Empires • Taxing policies insured loyalty and revenue • 2 Organized Arab Dynasties: Umayyad and Abbasid

  12. Islam Arab Succession Issues Corruption

  13. Expansion and Conquest, reap rewards Goals Expand trade, solidify Muslim faith Favoritism toward Arabs leads to resentment/revolts Friendly toward Non-Arabs, Intermarriage encouraged ,Recruited in Army Toleration Record Political center was Damascus-central location Political center was Baghdad-located along key trade/water routes Capital Caliph as absolute ruler. Complex bureaucracy led by Vizier Caliph was a religious leader. Family as advisors Political Structure Using Islam as a unifier and a military to expand, the Arabs built a strong empire where trade and a general toleration was valued

  14. Global Network of Trade Facilitated by: Bills of Exchange Credit/Checks Minting coins Impact: New foods (bananas and citrus) and agricultural techniques (irrigation) Crops transplanted (i.e. sugar from SE Asia)

  15. Problems within the Empire 1. Issues of Succession *After the death of Muhammad *Rightful heir? *Arab v. Non-Arab?

  16. Sunnis Forward Majority Anyone can assume role of caliph Shi’a (Shiite) Fundamentalists Minority Claim to be direct descendants to Muhammad-Only they can be caliph Division Emerges

  17. 2. Empire grew too big • Rebellious governors • Ruling a diverse people

  18. RESULTS: • By 1000 Abbasids were crumbling • Other cultural influences takeover Arabs Persians, Turks, Mongols End of Arab Dominance Islamic Cultural Dynamism

  19. Pick 2 achievements of the Muslim World and connect them to a theme: • -Development of Social Systems • -Creation and Expansion of 1. • Economic Systems • -State Building, Expansion and • Conflict 2. • -Human-Environment Interaction • -Cultural Interaction

  20. Complete the following Analogy What the birth and growth of Islam (Idea) did for the Arabs (people)… _____________________ (Idea) did for the__________________(people) because they both ____________________________________ ____________________________________

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