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Impact of Industrial Revolution on Women and Children: Reforms and Family Predicament

This article explores the impact of the Industrial Revolution on women and children, focusing on their roles in the workforce, working conditions, and family dynamics. It also discusses the reforms implemented during this period to address the challenges faced by women and children.

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Impact of Industrial Revolution on Women and Children: Reforms and Family Predicament

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  1. Women The Reforms Family The Impact on Women and Children in Industrial Revolution

  2. Women Jobs Working class 。Work in the Mills 。Work in the Mines 。Maids for wealthier families Upper & Middle class 。rarely had careers

  3. Women Predicament of Women 。Still have to do housework 。Horrible working conditions 。Domestic violence Women hauling coal

  4. Children • Before Industrialization: Children of poor and working-class families had worked for centuries before industrialization helping around the house or assisting in the family's enterprise when they were able. Now they work for the factory under much poorer conditions.

  5. Children • Industrial Jobs: The factory system was criticized for strict discipline, harsh punishment, unhealthy work conditions, low wages, and inflexible work hours.

  6. Children The Child Labor Debate • Disagree- Children worked under deplorable conditions and were being exploited by the industrialists. • Agree- The employment of children in these factories was beneficial to the child, family and country and that the conditions were no worse than they had been on farms, in cottages or up chimneys.

  7. Family • Before the Revolution: most people lived and often worked as a family. • During the Revolution: many people moved to towns and citiesso that they could be close to their new jobs.

  8. Family • Women and children were sent out to work, there was very little family contact. • People also had to share housing with other families, which further contributed to the breakdown of the family unit.

  9. Family • No birth control yet, and high birth rate meant more manpower, more income. • It was common for families to have more than 10 children as a result of this demand. • Leaving the care of the new born children to older relatives. (隔代教養)

  10. The Reforms • Factory Act • 1833-1850 Child labors’ work hour ensured. • 1853- Children and women’s work hour ensured to be equal. • 1878- Women’s maximum work hour ensured (56 hours per week).

  11. The revolution changed the way families viewed themselves and new changes occurred in terms of both gender and generational roles. Conclusion

  12. Reference • http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/IndustrialRevolution/womenandchildren.htm • http://ap_history_online.tripod.com/apeh10i.htm • http://www.articlemyriad.com/industrial_revolution_new_england.htm • Wikipedia

  13. The End 林明瑋 歐恩盈 林佳瑩 謝惠羽 翁睿安

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