CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

1. CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Nadzak 6.1

3. WORDS TO KNOW • Ziggurat • Cunieform • Hammurabi’s Code • Astronomy • Sanskrit • Caste system • pharaoh

4. Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. • Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf • Rich soil – shaped like crescent • Eastern section between Tigris & Euphrates = Mesopotamia – “land between two rivers” • Western section = Mediterranean • Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian cultures evolved here

5. Civilization began in an area known as the ________________. • Located near the eastern shore of the _________________ Sea to the _______Gulf • Rich soil – shaped like ___________ • Eastern section between ___________ & _____________= _____________ – “land between two rivers” • Western section = Mediterranean • ________ & _________ & __________ & ______________cultures evolved here

6. Civilizations have 4 characteristics • Surplus of food – leads to trade • Division of labor – different types of jobs • Organized institutions – gov’t, religion • System of written communication – cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit

7. Ask a partner!

8. Civilizations have 4 characteristics • Surplus of food – leads to ________ • _______________– different types of jobs • Organized institutions include _______ & ______________ • System of written communication – ___________ & _____________ & ___________________

9. Sumerians • 1st people in Fertile Crescent • 3500 – 2000 BC(BCE = before common era) • Farmed & raised cattle • Traders & artists • Built temples & monuments called ziggurats • Cuneiform = wedge-shaped • Studied science & math & developed calendar • Army used complex weapons made of metal

11. Sumerians • 1st people in ____________________ • ______________ BC(BCE = before common era) • Farmed & raised _______________ • Traders & _________________ • Built temples & monuments called _________ • _______________= wedge-shaped • Studied __________ & ____________& developed ____________________ • Army used complex weapons made of ______

12. Babylonians • Babylon located on Euphrates River – capital & impt center for trade & religion • Hammurabi’s Code (1792 – 1750 BC) • Believed in astrology – led to astronomy = study of universe

13. Babylonians • Babylon located on ______ River – capital & impt center for _________ & ____________ • ______________ Code (1792 – 1750 BC) • Believed in astrology – led to ______________ = study of universe

14. Can you remember this stuff?

15. How many facts can you say in 10 seconds?

16. Indus valley civilization(mohenjo-daro)

17. Phoenicians • Lived in city-states along Mediterranean coast (1200 – 800 BC) • Not much land to farm so became most famous traders of ancient world • Skilled shipbuilders & were good sailors • Used stars to travel by night • Traded wool, papyrus, ivory & glass • Invented alphabet similar to ours – passed onto Greeks

19. Phoenicians • Lived in city-states along ________________coast (1200 – 800 BC) • Not much land to farm so became most famous ___________ of ancient world • Skilled _______________ & were good sailors • Used _________to travel by night • Traded ________ & ___________ & ______ & _________ • Invented ___________similar to ours – passed onto Greeks

20. Egyptians • Nile River valley civilizations • One of oldest & longest lasting civilizations of world • Developed advanced civilization • Built cities, invented hieroglyphics & created large monuments (pyramids) • Had many nat’l barriers that protected it from invasion = deserts in west & east – Red Sea in east & Mediterranean Sea in north • Flooding of Nile = fertile land for crops – led to surplus of food – made Egyptians RICH! • Nile made it easy to travel • Religion impt – polytheistic • Rulers = pharaohs

21. Kingdoms of Egypt • OLD KINGDOM – gov’t developed, pyramids built, mummification • MIDDLE KINGDOM – Egypt conquered Nubia, invaded Syria & Palestine – pharaohs drained swamps to provide more land – built canal to connect Nile to Red Sea • NEW KINGDOM – Egypt created empire – first female pharaoh, Hatshepsut – monotheistic under Amenhotep IV

23. Are you paying attention?

24. Indus River Valley • 3000 BC – 1500 BC • 2 major cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro • Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were advanced • Excavation revealed houses with plumbing connected to street sewers & large walled cities & mud brick bldgs • Well-organized gov’t • Harrappan rulers based power on religion • Economy based on farming & herding • Indus River Valley flooded – rich soil • Traded with Mesopotamia

27. Indus River Valley • __________ to ___________ BC • 2 major cities = _________ & ______________ • Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were ________________ • Excavation revealed houses with __________ connected to street sewers & large walled cities & _______________bldgs • Well-organized _____________ • Harrappan rulers based power on __________ • _____________ based on farming & herding • _____________________flooded – rich soil • Traded with ______________________

30. Aryans • 1500 BC nomads, the Aryans, migrated to Indus River Valley • Conquered Harappans & created new Indian society based on their own culture • Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form Hinduism • Carefully planned cities that included farming & herding • Used irrigation & grew variety of crops (rice, millet, wheat & barley) • By 1000 BC developed new form of writing, Sanskrit • System of social classes called Caste System

32. Aryans • 1500 BC __________, the Aryans, migrated to _________________________ • Conquered _______________ & created new Indian society based on their own culture • Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form _________ • Carefully planned ___________ that included farming & herding • Used irrigation & grew variety of crops including _______ & _________ & __________- & _________ • By 1000 BC developed new form of writing, _______________________ • System of social classes called _________________

34. Hey YOU in the back row – WAKE UP!

35. Huang He River Valley • Also called Yellow River Valley • Along 2 rivers = Huang He (Yellow) & Chang Jiang (Long) • Chinese civilization began with Xia Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

39. Earn WOW pts by finding out what this is?

40. Huang He River Valley • Also called ______ River Valley • Along 2 rivers = _______(Yellow) & Chang Jiang (_________) • Chinese civilization began with _____ Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

42. Shang Dynasty • Replaced Xia Dynasty • Included an aristocracy whose wealth was based on land • Power passed from generation to generation • Shang king ruled kingdom divided into territories with warlords in charge of each territory • Kings chose warlord leaders & could remove them • By controlling warlords, king controlled large armies which protected his territory • Early Chinese had strong belief in life after death • Majority of Chinese were peasants who farmed land owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for bronze artwork

43. Shang Dynasty • Replaced _______ Dynasty • Included an _________ whose wealth was based on land • Power passed from ___________ to __________ • Shang king ruled kingdom divided into ________ with ________in charge of each territory • Kings chose warlord leaders & could ______ them • By controlling warlords, king controlled _________________________________ • Early Chinese had strong belief in ____after ____ • Majority of Chinese were __________ who farmed land owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for ___________artwork

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