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Rebuilding the Nation. 16.1. Warm up. What were the postwar challenges that faced the nation after the Civil War?. Answer. -physical destruction -wounded/killed soldiers -financial ruin -freedmen. One of the last photographs of Lincoln, likely taken between February and April 1865.
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Warm up What were the postwar challenges that faced the nation after the Civil War?
Answer -physical destruction -wounded/killed soldiers -financial ruin -freedmen
One of the last photographs of Lincoln, likely taken between February and April 1865 Lincoln aged substantially during his time as president!
Lincoln’s Plan:10% Plan “Charity for All” – 1863 "With malice toward none, with charity for all" Lincoln
Lincoln’s Plan □ Amnesty – forgiveness to the Southern people □ 10% Pledge – pledge loyalty to the U.S. – form new govt. (except CSA leaders) □ Whites must agree blacks are free in the south
However, Lincoln would not force Southerners to give white and black Americans the same rights.
RADICAL REPUBLICAN’S PLAN: The Wade-Davis Bill Many Republicans in Congress believed that Lincoln’s plan was too “soft”. They created their own plan led by Thaddeus Stevens.
RADICAL REPUBLICAN’S PLAN WADE – DAVIS BILL (Much tougher than Lincoln’s plan) • 50% pledge loyalty to the Union • Only non-veterans could vote at state constitutional conventions (rebel govt. was also denied) • - New state constitutions had to abolish slavery
Additional Changes… • The Freedmen’s Bureau was created to help newly freed African Americans make the transition to freedom. • Part of the U.S. army • Distributed food, clothing and provided medical services to African Americans • Improved educational opportunities • Helped African Americans buy land
Freedmen’s Bureau- Helped African American’s transition to freedom.
Five Days after the surrender at Appomattox, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. (April 14, 1865)
Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre shortly after the assassination of Lincoln.
Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln while he watched the play (in the balcony)
Booth yelled “Sic Simper Tyrannous” or “The South is avenged” depending on who was asked.
Lincoln was carried across the street to William Petersen’s boarding house. Several doctors who had been in the audience rushed to the president's side. The bullet had entered behind his left ear and was lodged behind his right eye. The situation appeared grim. Lincoln died at 7:22 am on April 15, 1865.
Lincoln’s Assassination The attack on the president wasn’t the only attack that night. Booth’s plan also included attacks by two other accomplices. George Atzerodt to kill VP Johnson and Lewis Paine to kill Sec. of State Seward.
Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Southern sympathizer was the mastermind behind the assassination plan.
Lincoln’s Assassination Four people were executed and four imprisoned for life for connection to assassination.
Two weeks after the assassination, Booth was chased to a farmhouse where he was shot by federal police on April 26, 1865. His final words were “Useless, Useless.” JWB’s autopsy
Lincoln’s Assassination First President Assassinated Four presidents have been killed in office: Abraham Lincoln James A. Garfield William McKinley John F. Kennedy
Lincoln’s Assassination Meanwhile… Lincoln’s body was put on display at 12 different funerals from D.C. to Springfield. Thousands paid their respects to the fallen leader.
The New York Procession took four hours. People scalped tickets for four dollars and up. A young Teddy Roosevelt would watch from window along the route.
The impact the assassination had on our nation was: -It left us without a leader to direct the plans for the Reconstruction - It opened a bigger wound in the healing process between the North and the South
Warm up Describe Lincoln’s assassination.
Answer Lincoln was shot on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. He was then carried across the street to William Petersen’s boarding house. He died at 7:22 am on April 15, 1865.
A New President • V.P. Andrew Johnson became president (after Lincoln’s assasination) • Johnson was the only southern senator that remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War
- Andrew Johnson’s Plan • - Restoration – 1865 - • Most gain amnesty through loyalty oath • Officials and wealthy landowners needed a presidential pardon. This was Johnson’s way of attacking those he believed tricked the South into the war.
- Andrew Johnson’s Plan -Appointed governors to southern states to hold elections for state constitutional conventions. (Only loyal could vote) -He did NOT want to grant freed African Americans equal rights (state choice.) -Finally to reenter, denounce secession, abolish slavery and ratify the 13th Amendment.
Lincoln’s Plan – "With malice toward none, with “charity for all" Lincoln Radical Republicans (Wade-Davis Bill) demanded a more aggressive prosecution of the war, the faster end to slavery and defeat of the Confederacy. At first, Andrew Johnson talked harshly, but then he struck another note: "I say, as to the leaders, punishment. I also say leniency,reconciliation and amnesty to the thousands whom they have misled and deceived."
Black Codes – Rules set up by former slave states to regulate the freedoms of former slaves creating a form of quasi-slavery to evade the results of the war. This allowed whites to exploit newly freed African Americans.
African Americans in Government • During Reconstruction Republicans dominated the South. (A-A, White Northerners who had relocated and white Southerners who favored Rep. policies) • 16 A-A’s served in the House and 2 as Senators (1869-1880) • Hiram Revels-Civil War activist for the Union, served for the state of Miss. in the U.S. Senate • Blanche K. Bruce-runaway slave who had est. a school for African Americans, also served in the Senate for Miss.
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers • Scalawags-a term used by Confederates to describe Southern whites who supported Republican policies. • Carpetbaggers-Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction. (They arrived with all of their belongings in a bag made of carpet.) Some just wanted to move South, others wanted to help reform the South.
The Ku Klux Klan – used violence to scare African Americans from voting and stop them from exercising their rights as American citizens.
Major Changes under The Radical Republicans • Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Passed over Johnson's veto) This organization was extended and given more power to protect African Americans. It provided food, clothing, shelter, and education to freedmen. • Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Passed over Johnson's veto) Designed to grant freedmen full legal equality, undercutting the Black Codes • - Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's veto) • Divided the South into 5 districts and placed them under military rule (disbanded governments readmitted under Lincoln/Johnson plans) Required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and submit new state Constitutions to Congress.
President Johnson and Congress did not get along. Examples: Freedman’s Bureau: Congress YES! Johnson NO! Civil Rights Bill: (defines citizenship) Congress YES! Johnson NO! 14th Amendment: Congress YES! Johnson NO!
The Radical Republicans became frustrated with Johnson and his abuse of power. They created the Tenure of Office Act, which prevented Johnson from removing government officials without the Senate’s approval, including his own cabinet members. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and was soon after impeached (for misconduct.) He was not, however, removed from the presidency. What does impeach mean?
Election of 1868 • By the election most southern states had rejoined the Union. • The Republicans chose General Ulysses S. Grant, the Civil War hero as their presidential candidate. • Grant won the election and received most of the 500,000 African American votes in the South.
Changes to the Constitution(During the Civil War and Reconstruction) The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were all added to the United States Constitution during this period.
After gaining freedom, many African Americans were unsure of where to go or what to do. Although many blacks had taken possession of the abandoned lands, including land that had been given to them. Blacks, consequently, were forced to give back the land or remain on the land after signing a labor contract that imposed conditions much like slavery.
14th Amendment – Granted all persons born in the U.S. citizenship.
The amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship, overruling Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) which had excluded slaves and their descendants from possessing Constitutional rights.
