Benchmark 3 Rebuilding a Nation

1. Benchmark 3Rebuilding a Nation

2. 1. Which action represents a major change in U.S. policy toward American Indians after the Civil War? Relocation to distant territories Apportionment of tribal property to individuals Peace negotiations with hostile tribes Grants of conditional citizenship

3. 1. Which action represents a major change in U.S. policy toward American Indians after the Civil War? Relocation to distant territories Apportionment of tribal property to individuals Peace negotiations with hostile tribes Grants of conditional citizenship

4. 2. Why did a split occur among feminists in the late-nineteenth century? Many feminists believed the increasing economic independence of women after the Civil War indicated there was no need for further activism. Many feminists left the U.S. to settle in countries with more liberal attitudes toward women. Feminists disagreed on the suffrage movement’s goals and tactics after women’s suffrage was not included in the Fifteenth Amendment. Feminists argued over which political party was most likely to help the suffrage movement.

5. 2. Why did a split occur among feminists in the late-nineteenth century? Many feminists believed the increasing economic independence of women after the Civil War indicated there was no need for further activism. Many feminists left the U.S. to settle in countries with more liberal attitudes toward women. Feminists disagreed on the suffrage movement’s goals and tactics after women’s suffrage was not included in the Fifteenth Amendment. Feminists argued over which political party was most likely to help the suffrage movement.

6. 3. How did city bosses and their “machines” retain control of city government despite their reputations for greed and corruption? By providing aid to citizens in exchange for their political support By developing alliances with state and federal officials By using police forces to intimidate their political rivals By establishing local militias to prevent outside interference

7. 3. How did city bosses and their “machines” retain control of city government despite their reputations for greed and corruption? By providing aid to citizens in exchange for their political support By developing alliances with state and federal officials By using police forces to intimidate their political rivals By establishing local militias to prevent outside interference

8. 4. How did some late nineteenth-century industrialists like John D. Rockefeller react to government restrictions on their businesses? By developing independent councils to oversee their stock transactions By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees By involving labor union leaders in workplace decisions By creating new political parties and personally running for political office

9. 4. How did some late nineteenth-century industrialists like John D. Rockefeller react to government restrictions on their businesses? By developing independent councils to oversee their stock transactions By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees By involving labor union leaders in workplace decisions By creating new political parties and personally running for political office

10. 5. Why did nativists worry about an influx of immigrants during the 1880’s? They feared the immigrants would gain control of city and state governments and encourage even more immigration They believed that immigrants would receive preferential treatment from the federal government and be given large tracts of land They thought the country’s ports could not handle the increasing number of immigrants as well as an increasing amount of exports They considered immigrants from southern and eastern Europe more difficult to assimilate into American culture than earlier immigrants

11. 5. Why did nativists worry about an influx of immigrants during the 1880’s? They feared the immigrants would gain control of city and state governments and encourage even more immigration They believed that immigrants would receive preferential treatment from the federal government and be given large tracts of land They thought the country’s ports could not handle the increasing number of immigrants as well as an increasing amount of exports They considered immigrants from southern and eastern Europe more difficult to assimilate into American culture than earlier immigrants

12. 6. Which group was most representative of the Populist Party? Anarchists Farmers Industrialists White-collar workers

13. 6. Which group was most representative of the Populist Party? Anarchists Farmers Industrialists White-collar workers

14. 7. What was the main topic of William Jennings Bryan’s 1896 “Cross of Gold” speech? Fighting the growing influence of business trusts Changing the government’s monetary policy Ending the tax-free status of religious institutions Providing federal aid to poor families

15. 7. What was the main topic of William Jennings Bryan’s 1896 “Cross of Gold” speech? Fighting the growing influence of business trusts Changing the government’s monetary policy Ending the tax-free status of religious institutions Providing federal aid to poor families

16. 8. Alfred Thayer Mahan expressed what opinion in his book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History? A nation benefited from having a strong navy and the overseas bases needed to maintain it Construction of the Panama Canal would increase naval traffic and benefit all Central American countries The U.S. government could increase foreign trade by providing businesses more incentives to build ships The U.S. government placed too much emphasis on modernizing the navy instead of the army

17. 8. Alfred Thayer Mahan expressed what opinion in his book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History? A nation benefited from having a strong navy and the overseas bases needed to maintain it Construction of the Panama Canal would increase naval traffic and benefit all Central American countries The U.S. government could increase foreign trade by providing businesses more incentives to build ships The U.S. government placed too much emphasis on modernizing the navy instead of the army

18. 9. What prompted the U.S. government to participate in the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian government? Several European nations colonizing Pacific islands close to Hawaii The kidnapping of Christian missionaries by Hawaiian nationalist Queen Liliuokalani’s attempt to reduce the political influence of American sugar planters King Kalakaua’s discussions with the Japanese government to lease Pearl Harbor

19. 9. What prompted the U.S. government to participate in the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian government? Several European nations colonizing Pacific islands close to Hawaii The kidnapping of Christian missionaries by Hawaiian nationalist Queen Liliuokalani’s attempt to reduce the political influence of American sugar planters King Kalakaua’s discussions with the Japanese government to lease Pearl Harbor

20. 10. Which desired outcome most influenced President McKinley's decision to maintain U.S. control of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? Increased commercial opportunities for U.S. businesses Assured safety of the U.S. religious missionaries Reduced flow of immigration from Asia Extended reach of the Monroe Doctrine

21. 10. Which desired outcome most influenced President McKinley's decision to maintain U.S. control of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? Increased commercial opportunities for U.S. businesses Assured safety of the U.S. religious missionaries Reduced flow of immigration from Asia Extended reach of the Monroe Doctrine

22. 11. Why did the U.S. government actively encourage a 1903 revolt in Central America? The Colombian government refused to ratify an agreement allowing construction of the Panama Canal Socialist politicians were threatening to nationalize U.S. owned businesses France was reluctant to give up its colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere The U.S. military needed to secure territorial possessions gained after the Spanish-American War.

23. 11. Why did the U.S. government actively encourage a 1903 revolt in Central America? The Colombian government refused to ratify an agreement allowing construction of the Panama Canal Socialist politicians were threatening to nationalize U.S. owned businesses France was reluctant to give up its colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere The U.S. military needed to secure territorial possessions gained after the Spanish-American War.

24. 12. European governments exerted tremendous influence over the Chinese governments in the late nineteenth-century. Resentment over this influence resulted in attacks on foreign owned properties that escalated into the Boxer Rebellion. Why did U.S. interests in China also come under attack? The U.S. offered no assistance to China during its 1895 war with Japan The Open Door policy attempted to secure for the U.S. the same power enjoyed by European countries in China China’s ability to conduct unrestricted trade with the Philippines ended after the U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War Race-based U.S. policies that unfairly restricted Chinese immigration created political tensions between the countries

25. 12. European governments exerted tremendous influence over the Chinese governments in the late nineteenth-century. Resentment over this influence resulted in attacks on foreign owned properties that escalated into the Boxer Rebellion. Why did U.S. interests in China also come under attack? The U.S. offered no assistance to China during its 1895 war with Japan The Open Door policy attempted to secure for the U.S. the same power enjoyed by European countries in China China’s ability to conduct unrestricted trade with the Philippines ended after the U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War Race-based U.S. policies that unfairly restricted Chinese immigration created political tensions between the countries

26. 13. What belief guided President Theodore Roosevelt’s efforts as a trustbuster? The government needed to protect women and children in the workplace City governments were incapable of fighting corruption Labor unions posed a serious threat to the country’s economic stability Business monopolies were hurting the public interest

27. 13. What belief guided President Theodore Roosevelt’s efforts as a trustbuster? The government needed to protect women and children in the workplace City governments were incapable of fighting corruption Labor unions posed a serious threat to the country’s economic stability Business monopolies were hurting the public interest

28. 14. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt involve the United States in the Dominican Republic’s affairs when that country defaulted on its debt payments? The Dominican Republic supported the U.S. during the Spanish-American War Under the Monroe Doctrine, the U.S. opposed the possible intervention of European nations Radicals were ready to establish a socialist government if the Dominican Republic’s democratically elected government collapsed Instability in the region could have delayed construction of the Panama Canal

29. 14. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt involve the United States in the Dominican Republic’s affairs when that country defaulted on its debt payments? The Dominican Republic supported the U.S. during the Spanish-American War Under the Monroe Doctrine, the U.S. opposed the possible intervention of European nations Radicals were ready to establish a socialist government if the Dominican Republic’s democratically elected government collapsed Instability in the region could have delayed construction of the Panama Canal

30. 15. What themes were common in the writings of muckrakers and authors such as Upton Sinclair? The immorality and greed in the U.S. businesses and the corruption in government The disadvantages of a growing consumer culture and the benefits of living in a communal society The problems created by unrestricted immigration and the economic disparity between rural and urban residents The increasing number of socialists in labor unions and the threat they posed to U.S. society

31. 15. What themes were common in the writings of muckrakers and authors such as Upton Sinclair? The immorality and greed in the U.S. businesses and the corruption in government The disadvantages of a growing consumer culture and the benefits of living in a communal society The problems created by unrestricted immigration and the economic disparity between rural and urban residents The increasing number of socialists in labor unions and the threat they posed to U.S. society

32. 16. What was the goal of President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy? To help U.S. allies increase the readiness of their armed forces To raise the living standards of people in poverty-stricken countries To support the development of democracies in Central America To create stability abroad in promotion of U.S. commercial interests

33. 16. What was the goal of President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy? To help U.S. allies increase the readiness of their armed forces To raise the living standards of people in poverty-stricken countries To support the development of democracies in Central America To create stability abroad in promotion of U.S. commercial interests

34. 17. What event does this political cartoon from the early twentieth century depict? The Pullman Palace Car disaster The Haymarket Square catastrophe The fatal strike at Coeur d’Alene The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory tragedy

35. 17. What event does this political cartoon from the early twentieth century depict? The Pullman Palace Car disaster The Haymarket Square catastrophe The fatal strike at Coeur d’Alene The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory tragedy