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The Middle East

The Middle East. Historical A. Ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia (between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- modern Iraq) 1. Sumerians 4000 – 3000 BC a. cuneiform- wedge shaped writing b. ziggurats- pyramid shaped brick temples c . built city-states

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The Middle East

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  1. The Middle East • Historical A. Ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia (between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- modern Iraq) 1. Sumerians 4000 – 3000 BC a. cuneiform- wedge shaped writing b. ziggurats- pyramid shaped brick temples c. built city-states d. developed irrigation systems

  2. Cuneiform

  3. ziggurat

  4. ziggurat

  5. Sumerian mosaic

  6. 2. Assyrians- first to develop iron weapons 3. Babylonians a. Hammurabi’s Code b. Nebuchadnezzar’s Hanging Gardens of Babylon

  7. Code of Hammurabi

  8. If a man puts out the eye of a patrician, his eye shall be put out. • If a man knocks the teeth out of another man, his own teeth will be knocked out. • If anyone strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. • If a freeborn man strikes the body of another freeborn man of equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. • If the slave of a freed man strikes the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. • If anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he shall be put to death.

  9. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

  10. 4. Persians (modern Iran)- conquered much of Middle East under Darius the Great

  11. Darius the Great

  12. 5. Phoenicians a. traded purple dye along the Mediterranean b. spread alphabet around the region

  13. B. Religion 1. Judaism- First monotheistic religion. Established in Israel around 3000 BC 2. Christianity-founded by Jesus in Jerusalem

  14. Jewish writings- the Torah

  15. Jerusalem

  16. 3. Islam- means submission to Allah a. developed among Bedouin nomads in Arabia, early 600’s AD b. Mohammed- prophet of Allah c. rapid spread across N. Africa

  17. The Great Mosque in Mecca

  18. C. Colonialism • Ottoman Turks control area from Middle Ages until 1918 2. European powers in control until after WWII

  19. Physical Geography • Mostly arid plains and plateaus B. Some uninhabitable deserts- The Rub al Khali C. Climates 1. arid year round 2. decent rainfall along coast

  20. D. Water 1. Major rivers- Tigris and Euphrates 2. Oasis- desert waterhole

  21. E. Oil!! 1. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 2. Saudi Arabia- Leading producer

  22. OPEC

  23. Palm Island in Dubai

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