SAPPO pig production course

1. SAPPO pig production course Biosecurity Why is it important ? What are we afraid of ? What can we do about it ? What will it cost ? Where can we get help ?

2. Biosecurity Why is it important? • South Africa is an active part of the global village with its rapid communications and increasing volumes of imports and exports; • Genetic improvement goes with imported semen and live pigs, both of which can carry diseases; • Emerging and small herds are not protected from getting infections and passing them on; • Every part of pig production is concerned – breeding, housing, feeding, health and marketing.

3. Biosecurity The threats: • Destructive diseases eg African swine fever, hog cholera, blue ear disease, foot and mouth, exotic viruses; • Common economic diseases eg E coli enteritis, respiratory conditions, mange, reproductive failure, worms; • Stock theft

4. Biosecurity • Destructive diseases ASF: total loss FMD: vesicles

5. Biosecurity • Economic diseases Parvovirus mummies Ascaris worms in intestine

6. Biosecurity • Where do destructive diseases come from ? Sources: • 1. Bought-in pigs from auctions, speculators; • 2. People: neighbours, family, friends, reps. officials, vets; • 3. Swill, especially if it includes animal tissues; • 4. Vehicles from millers, butchers, dealers; • 5. Containers, especially second-hand feed sacks; • 6. Birds, dogs, rodents; • 7. Water, dust, wind

7. Biosecurity • What can we do? Rules to keep infections out of your herd: • 1. Fence the property in a way that keeps your pigs in and other pigs, dogs and people out; secure the gate with chain and padlock; • 2. Put notices on fences and gates; be strict; • 3. Keep pigs in pens or small camps away from the fence; 2nd hand materials are OK The message is clear

8. Biosecurity Rules continued: • 4. Comfortable, usable pens don’t have to be expensive; • 5. Simple, non- wasting food or water holder helps costs and hygiene

9. Biosecurity • Rules continued; feeding:- • 6. Give pigs the best quality feed you can afford; • 7. NEVER feed any food of animal origin; • 8. NEVER feed anything from a harbour or airport; • 9. Cook all raw putrescible material for 30 minutes • 10. Use nutritious dry food such as old bakery items, dated dog, horse or other cubes; • 11. Bulky, energy-rich vegetables (pumpkin, carrots, butternut ) Boiling raw “swill” is a must Balanced rations are best

10. Biosecurity • Rules continued, water:- • 12. All pigs need water, lactating sows need large amounts – up to 30 litres per day with a big litter; • 13. Water quality is important – it can act as a transmitter of infections A clever water system Water supplies can be a big problem

11. Biosecurity • Rules continued, pigs and veterinary help: • 14. Separate new pigs from the herd for four weeks while they are tested and treated; • 15. Ask for veterinary advice regarding routine treatments and preventive measures for quarantine pigs, and the herd in general; • 16. Make regular use of vaccines, share the costs with other owners ; • 17. Always consult the area State Veterinary Dept to find out about prevailing regulations re movement, marketing, disease control measures – they are there to protect you; • 18. Help is available from the Dept of Agriculture, the Vet Dept, SAPPO and pharmaceutical companies

12. Biosecurity • Good luck with a successful and minimal disease project!! • Any questions?