1 / 27

Pig production

Pig production. Contents of the presentation. 1.Introduction – Sow cycle 2.Breeding – Breeds and characteristics 3.Feeding – Feeding o f different classes of pigs 4.Housing – Space requirements Working out pen requirements. breeding. Types of breeds-3 namely Large white Landrace

patsy
Download Presentation

Pig production

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pig production

  2. Contents of the presentation • 1.Introduction – • Sow cycle • 2.Breeding – • Breeds and characteristics • 3.Feeding – • Feeding of different classes of pigs • 4.Housing – • Space requirements • Working out pen requirements

  3. breeding • Types of breeds-3 namely • Large white • Landrace • Duroc • Mukota

  4. Large white pic

  5. Landrace pic

  6. Duroc pic

  7. Mukota pic

  8. Characteristic-lw • Originally from uk • Widely used in commercial pig breeding as a parent of sows and as a terminal sire • Breed characteristics • Large,white –coated pig with prick ears • Have erect ears and slightly dished faces • Has a white color,pink skins and long deep sides

  9. Characteristics-Lr • White hogs with floppy eras that hang parallel to the bridge of their nose • Known for their mothering ability, large litter sizes and good milking ability • When harvested landraces are known for producing high percentage of carcass weight • They cross well with other breeds and produce long bodied offspring • Most widely used as foundation stock for hybrid gilts for commercial breeding • Breed characteristics • Landrace have white skin and are mostly free from black hair • Are long lop-eared pig with long middle, light front quartes and excellent ham development • Have good meat structure and maternal abilities • Very efficient at converting food to meat and produce little excess fat • Known for their rapid growth when young, typically reaching a heavier weight at weaning than other breeds. • Faults with the original-leg weaknesses, spray legs and nervous disorders

  10. Characteristics-Dr • Deep red and mahogany in color • Have floppy ears • Very prolific, good longevity and are noted for outstanding terminal siring ability • Known for lean gain efficieny, carcass yields and muscle quality • Have medium length and slight dish of the face • The boar is known to be one of the most aggressive of the pig breeds • Sows are docile and have good mothering ability

  11. Characteristics-Mkt • Indigenous breed • A hardy black pig • Good resistance to disease and poor nutrition and require little water • Reproduction follows an annual rhythm with peak farrowing in the early rainy season • Mean litter size between 6.5-7.5 • Carcass yield is about 30% less from exotic large white but is considered tasty • They have moderate parasite tolerance greater than the imported breeds

  12. characteristics to be considered in pig breeding • Boar Line: ‑ Daily gain • - Feed Conversion Rate • ‑ Relation between Lean Meat / Fat • ‑ … • Sow Line: ‑ No. of piglets born alive • ‑ No. of piglets weaned • ‑ Interval weaning – next service • ‑ Mortality • - Longevity • - … • Fatteners: ‑ mortality (survival) • ‑ daily growth • ‑ feed conversion rate • ‑ fat deposition • ‑ slaughter quality

  13. Feeding of pigs • -Summarize feeding for different classes of pigs- • Feeding preg sow • During the gestation period, the requirement for nutrients changes continuously. A gestating sow needs feed for maintenance, uterine growth and for her own body-weight gain. • first parity later parities • or: small sowsor: bigger sows • Day of weaning: N.A. 0 • Next day until service 3-3.5 3.5-4 • First 2 months (day 0-60) 2.0 2.25 • Then (day 61-85) 2.5 2.75 • Last month (day 85-112) 3.25 3.5 • Last days (112-farrowing) 2 2 • Day of farrowing 0-1 0-1

  14. feeding • Feeding of lactating sows • approx. 24 hours around farrowing: 0 - 1 kg • 1st day : 1 kg • After this first day increase the allowance gradually (daily increments of 0.5 kg) until the ‘target feed allowance' is reached • Target feed-allowance: 1.5 kg + 0.5 kg per piglet • Feeding of suckling piglets • Piglets start their lives drinking their dam's colostrum and milk • , creep feed, the practice of providing feed to suckling piglets, serves three purposes: • Piglets will be weaned with higher weights • Their digestive systems have been challenged to develop and produce enzymes, thus preparing them for a ration without milk, after weaning • Sows, and especially gilts, will lose some less weight as their piglets will eventually drink less when they start eating additional solid feed

  15. feeding • Feeding of weaners up to 20-25 kg • after weaning piglets are best fed ad lib to stimulate feed-intake and to maximize growth-rate • Feeding of growing / finishing pigs • The feed al­lowance or ration deter­mines both growth rate and product (car­cass) quality in growing pigs. • At one extreme severe feed restriction can seriously slow down growth-rate and cause pigs to be so lean that they are hardly edible

  16. Examples of possible feeding schemes for different growth potentials

  17. feeding • Feeding of replacement stock • Feeding replacement stock is very much like feeding fattening pigs. The dif­ference is: we do not want maximum daily gains • This slower growth rate (compared to fatteners) can be achieved by: • Restricting feed intake more severely; • Offering feed with lower energy level. • Feeds or diets for replacement stock: • 20 - 45 kg : starter feed • 45 kg-service : lactating sow feed (or special rearing feed) • after service : gestating sow feed

  18. feeding • Feeding of boars • Boars require feed for maintenance and production, which is: growth, mating and production of semen­. • The feeds suitable for boars are: all sow feeds except the gestating-sow types, which are too poor in protein and amino-acids

  19. Housing of pigs • The objectives of housing pigs are: • protection from climatic extremes • enabling better management • protection against theft • In the following presentation we will discuss the following issues • 1.Spacing requirements • It’s important that we have the right number of pigs in a pig sty. • Overcrowding can result in depressed growth in addition to transmission of disease • Spacing guidelines

  20. housing

  21. housing • 2. PEN REQUIREMENT WORKOUT Starting points • the number of sows on the farm; • the expected number of litters per sow per year; • the weaning age; • what kind of weaner pens the farmer wants to use; • whether the farmer wants to use A.I. or natural mating; • whether he wants to select his own young breeding stock or buy them from outside and at what age; • what type of housing for dry and pregnant sows (group or individual); • the expected culling rate; • the expected growth of the piglets; • days needed for desinfection and cleaning; • the expected growth for the fatteners; • the number of animals per pen.

  22. housing • The number of places or pens can be calculated as follows: • Assumptions • Weaning age 5 weeks • 20 weaners produced per sow per year • 18 pigs are sold per sow per year • Sows enter farrowing house 1 week before farrowing and the pens are rested for a week after weaning • Weaners occupy weaner pens for three weeks and the pens are rested for 5 days • Fatteners occupy the fattening pens for 105 days and the pens are rested for 3 days

  23. housing • FARROWING PLACES • Farrowings per year 100*2.0=200 • With a seven week occupation period the number of times the same farrowing place can be used=52/7=7 • No. of farrowing places required=200/7=29

  24. housing • DRY SOW PLACES • The sow is weaned after 5 weeks • The sow enters the farrowing house a week before farrowing .At 2 litters per sow year a period of (6*2)=12 weeks is spend away from dry –sow housing.the period the sow is in the dry sow pens is 40 weeks • The number of dry sow places required is 40*100/52=77 • If sows are housed 8 in a pen • No of pens required=77/8=10

  25. housing • Weaner pens • Output of weaners per year =100*2*10=2000weaners • Weaners stay in the weaner pens for three weeks with the pen being rested for 5 days • Batches per year=365/26=14 batches • No of pigs /batch=2000/14=143 pigs • At 12 weaners/pen the number of pens required=143/12=12pens

  26. housing • Fattening pens • Pigs occupy the fattening pens after 6 weeks • Fatteners are marketed when they are about 51/2 months of age allowing 3 days cleaning between batches the number that can use the same facility per year is 365/109=3.3 • Output per year is 100*18=1800 • For a 100 sow unit the number of pigs per batch is 100*18/3.3=545 • 545 fattening places are required per time • At 15 pigs /pen the number of pens required is 530/15=34 pens

More Related