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Promoting gender equality in education and employment is crucial for enhancing economic growth. Addressing gender inequality can boost human capital, improve productivity, reduce corruption, and lead to pro-poor growth. Empowering women through education, employment opportunities, and access to assets can have transformative effects on societies, improving health, reducing fertility, and promoting overall economic prosperity. Closing gender gaps not only benefits women but also helps in reducing inequality more broadly. By investing in women's economic opportunities, countries can pave the way for sustainable development and inclusive growth.
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Promoting the Gender Equality MDG:Women’s Economic Opportunities William Kingsmill Head, Growth & Investment Group Policy Division
Gender inequality in education and employment reduce economic growth Gender inequality reduces the amount of human capital in society and harms economic performance Countries that are unable to meet the MDG for gender equity will suffer considerable consequences in terms of foregone economic growth Gender and pro-poor growth
Six gender-specific issues are important for pro-poor growth: Education for productivity Education for health Employment opportunities Empowerment opportunities Access to assets and inputs Corruption and nepotism Link between gender inequality & pro-poor growth
Gender inequality in education reduces the average amount of human capital in a society and thus harms economic performance. Gender inequality, education & growth
Promoting female education reduces fertility, increase female life expectancy, increases child mortality, and promotes education of the next generation Fertility, longevity & education
Gender inequality in employment reduces the average amount of human capital in a society, lowers productivity and so harms economic performance. Gender inequality & employment
Empowerment opportunities • Female employment increases their bargaining power within families leads to greater investment in health and education, promoting human capital of the next generation and improving the potential for further growth.
Women’s activities are under-resourced and under-capitialised Widening access to productive inputs
Corruption and nepotism • Women are less prone to corruption and nepotism than men. Improving the access of women to the workforce and decision-making is likely to improve governance in business and government. And getting more women into politics can promote investment of importance to women (eg time saving infrastructure)
Reducing gender inequality can reduce inequality more broadly • If gender gaps are larger among poor households, closing the gender gap would disproportionately increase incomes among the poor and reduce inequality in society.
The evidence suggests a wide variation of experience in individual countries …