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Fractures of the long bones

Fractures of the long bones. Why should an articular fracture be compressed whenever possible?. Compression (w/lag screws) for best joint function

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Fractures of the long bones

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  1. Fractures of the long bones

  2. Why should an articular fracture be compressed whenever possible? • Compression (w/lag screws) for best joint function • Compression plating: an internal fixation method of treating fx’s by the application of plates across the fx lines and fixing them into place with specially designed screw. • The objective is to provide extreme stability of the fracture. Properly designed plates of the correct size for the patient and the use of screws with max. holding power make the system independent of any additional form of support

  3. How are fractures of the humeral and femoral condyles repaired? • Humeral condyle fx: • Condylar fractures require anatomical reduction and internal fixation • Should be treated by compression (lag screw) for best joint function • Lateral or medial approach, over fractured condyle • Drill form fracture site to epicondyle or reduce fracture from epicondyle across fracture site • Femoral condyle fx: • repair is similar to condylar fractures of distal humerus • Osteotomy of tibial tuberosity sometimes used for exposure • Lag screw compression of articular fracture • Crosspins or rush pins reattach condyles to shaft of femur.

  4. Which of these fractures is most common, and what is the common signalment of the patient? • The femur is the most commonly fractured single bone in the dog and cat • Signalment: immature dogs predominantly • Spanials have a high incidence of lateral condylar fractures (incomplete ossification)

  5. Review methods of fracture fixation along with fractures described. Be sure you understand the decision process used to determine the type of fixation used.

  6. FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS

  7. What pelvic fractures must be repaired for optimal function? • Articular fractures especially the acetabulum need to be corrected

  8. Which are seldom repaired? • Pubic fractures

  9. What are the specific indications for repair of iliac, ischial and pubic fractures? • Iliac • Most should be repaired, non displaced stable fractures may be treated with cage rest • Ischial • Most fractures do not require sx except gx of the ischial tuberosity, fx of the cranial ischium that compresses the sciatic n. • Pubic • Almost never repaired surgically

  10. What is the recommended method of fixation for each of the following: • Acetabular fracture – bone plate • Sacroiliac fracture luxation with no fx of body of sacrum: • Sacroiliac fracture luxation with fracture of body of sacrum: • Severely displaced fracture of body of ilium • Fracture of ischial tuberosity: tension band or cross pins

  11. What other injuries are common with pelvic fractures in dogs and cats? • Thoracic trauma • Urinary tract trauma

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