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Prelab 7

Prelab 7. Alligation Problems Liquid Paraffin emulsion Turpentine oil emulsion. ALLIGATION p.45. Alligation Medial. Used to calculate the “Average Percentage Strength” of mixture of two or more substances whose quantities and concentrations are known.

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Prelab 7

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  1. Prelab 7

  2. Alligation Problems • Liquid Paraffin emulsion • Turpentine oil emulsion

  3. ALLIGATIONp.45

  4. Alligation Medial • Used to calculate the “Average Percentage Strength” of mixture of two or more substances whose quantities and concentrations are known.

  5. What is the percentage of alcohol in a lotion containing 1500ml. of witch hazel (14% alcohol), 2000ml. of glycerin, and 5000 ml. of 50% alcohol?

  6. Alligation Alternate • Used to calculate the number of parts of two or more components of a given strength when that should be used to prepare a mixture of desired strength. Percent desired Percent given Parts required

  7. Number of parts of minus gives gives minus Number of parts of a y c b x

  8. Number of parts of minus gives gives minus Number of parts of Example • In what proportion should alcohols of 95% and 50% strengths be mixed to make 270 ml 70% alcohol? 95 20 70 50 25

  9. 120 150 270  Mix 120 ml of 95% alcohol with 150 ml of 50% alcohol to produce 270 ml of 70% alcohol.

  10. In what proportion should 20% benzocaine ointment be mixed with ointment base to produce a 2.5% benzocaine ointment? 2.5 17.5

  11. How many grams of zinc oxide should be added to 3400 g. of a 10% zinc oxide ointment to prepare a product containing 15% of zinc oxide? 5 85 100% : 10% Parts 5 : 85 grams x : 3400g x= 200 g

  12. A hospital pharmacist wants to use three lots of ichthammolointmentcontaining respectively 50%. 20%, and 5% of ichthammol. In whatproportion should they be mixed to prepare a 10% ichthammol ointment? 5 5 40 + 10 = 50 50% : 20%: 5% 5 : 5 : 50

  13. in what proportion may a pharmacist mix 20%, 15% ,5% , 3% zinc oxide ointment to produce 10% ointment 5 7 7 5 OR 10 5 5 10

  14. There are 5 types of problems • Mixing of two different concentrations to produce a third intermediate one (as the previous example) • Dilution: mixing of a solution with concentration x% with the free base where a=x% and b=0% • Concentration: mixing of a solution with concentration x% with the active ingredient where a=x% and b=100% • Mixing of 3 different concentrations. • Mixing of 4 different concentrations.

  15. Liquid Paraffin emulsion (p.95) Rx Liquid Paraffin ℥ss 15 ml Gum Acacia Q.S. Spirit Mentha min xv (15 x 0.06 = 0.9 ml) Water to ℥ii 60 ml Fiat: Haustus Sig.: Statin Keep in a Cool Place Shake The Bottle The Draught To be taken at once.

  16. 10 ml • 7.5 gm • 15 ml • Liquid Paraffin is a mineral oil • Prepared using the dry gum method Uses • It softens fecal contents by retarding water reabsorption, so it is useful in chronic constipation.

  17. 10 ml Water on the otherside Dry gum Method • Trituration must be: • From the wrist. • In one direction. • In all parts of the morter. • Continueous. • Very Fast. 15 ml Oil on oneside In a dry mortar; add gum & grind with pestle Place gum in a line in the center Triturate with whipping motion until primary emulsion is formed (white , thick ,cracking sound) Continue triturating for 2 min. (stabilization)

  18. 10ml Water Dpwise & triturate 10ml Water portion-wise & triturate In test tube put 10 ml water + 0.9 ml spirit mentha Mix well Add to emulsion portionwise with stirring Wip with a tissue Adjust volume to 60 ml Transfer to a cup measure Primary Emulsion

  19. Turpentine oil emulsion (p.94) Rx Turpentine oil 5 ml Gum Acacia Q.S. Water to 40 ml Fiat: Haustus Sig.: Statin Keep in a Cool Place Shake The Bottle The Draught To be taken at once.

  20. 5 ml • 5 ml • 2.5 gm • Turpentine oil is a volatile oil • Prepared using the dry gum method and wet gum method (prepared twice)

  21. 8 ml Water on the otherside Dry gum Method • Trituration must be: • From the wrist. • In one direction. • In all parts of the morter. • Continueous. • Very Fast. 8 ml Oil on oneside In a dry mortar; add gum & grind with pestle Place gum in a line in the center Triturate with whipping motion until primary emulsion is formed (white , thick ,cracking sound) Continue triturating for 2 min. (stabilization)

  22. 10ml Water Dpwise & triturate 10ml Water portion-wise & triturate Wip with a tissue Adjust volume to 40 ml Transfer to a cup measure Primary Emulsion

  23. adjust volume to 40 ml with water 10ml Water portion-wise 10ml Water dpwise + 8 ml water + 8 ml Oil dropwise & triturate Wet gum Method If a “ropy” appearance, stop the addition of oil , few drops of water should be added until the mixture becomes uniform. triturate until the gum is dissolved to form mucilage. Transfer to a cup measure Triturate with whipping motion until primary emulsion is formed (white , thick ,cracking sound) In a dry mortar; add gum & grind with pestle Continue triturating for 2 min. (stabilization)

  24. Difference Between Both Methods

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