Migration

1. This map shows Americans’ ancestry, or roots, by county. A third of all Americans describe their ancestors as German, Irish, or English. Almost a tenth identify their ancestors as African-American. Migration

2. Migration: • The movement of people from one place in the world to another place, usually across a political boundary, to live in a new place.

3. Types of Migration • Immigration: peoplemove to a new country (Immigrants) • Internal Migration: Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent. • External Migration: Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent.

4. Types of Migration(Cont’d) • Emigration: peopleleave from a country to move to another (Emigrants)

5. Types of Migration (Cont’d) • Involuntary Migration: When a government forces a large group of people out of a region • Usually based on ethnicity or religion. • Ex: Native Americans forced on reservations, Japanese Internment Camps during WWII

6. Why Do People Migrate? • People consider the advantages and disadvantages of moving • These are called Push Factors and Pull Factors

7. Push Factors: • Reasons for emigrating (leaving a place) Pull Factors: • Reasons for immigrating (moving into a place)

8. Types of Push/Pull Factors: • Environmental: Climate or natural disaster • Ex: New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina • Political: War, Persecution • Ex: Iraqis fleeing to neighboring countries

9. Types of Push/Pull Factors:(Cont’d) • Economic: Work • Ex: Migrant workers from Mexico follow harvests • Cultural: Religious freedom, education • Ex: The first colonists in N. America

10. Refugee: • A person who is residing outside the country of his origin due to fear of persecution for his race, religion, nationality, or political views.

11. Laws of Migration • Formed in the 1880s by E.G. Ravenstein • Most migrants travel only a short distance. • Migrants traveling long distances usually settle in urban areas. • Most migration occurs in steps. • Most migration is rural to urban. • Most migrants are adults. • Most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female.

12. What is Colonization? • A group of people leave their native country to form a new settlement connected with the parent nation • Ex: The original 13 colonies • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

13. Why make a Colony?(cont.) • Colonies produced raw materials (like tobacco, furs, cotton) • These were sold to the mother country • The mother country produced finished goods • The mother country sells finished back to the colonies

14. Imperialism: • Empire building, or, one nation using force to gain control over foreign territories

15. Imperialism(cont.) • European nations used industrial technology to overpower lesser developed nations for money and power • Ex: England built the world’s largest empire on five continents

16. Imperialism in Africa • Europeans began trading in Africa in the 1200s • Interested in gold, ivory, textiles, and later, slaves • By the 1800s Europe needed more raw materials for industry

17. From Colonies to Countries • Africans benefited from education and city development • Mid-1900s: educated Africans launched independence movements • By the second half of the century most were independent

18. From Colonies to Countries(cont.) • Africa has been struggling since independence • Rival ethnic groups fight for power • Europe did not care to help Africa develop its infrastructure • Many European and American companies are only interested in finding ways to obtain African resources

19. From Colonies to Countries 1914 Today