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New. Stage. New. New. New. Problems. Approach. Proposal. -- to The Celebration of The 50 th Anniversary of AI. Y. X . Zhong Chinese Association for AI (CAAI) University of Posts & Telecom, Beijing yxzhong@ieee.org. List of Contents. 1, Introduction. 2, New Problems.

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  1. New Stage New New New Problems Approach Proposal -- to The Celebration of The 50th Anniversary of AI Y. X . Zhong Chinese Association for AI (CAAI) University of Posts & Telecom, Beijing yxzhong@ieee.org

  2. List of Contents 1, Introduction 2, New Problems 3, New Approach 4, New Proposal

  3. 1, Introduction

  4. The 50th Anniversary of The Birth of AI A good time for AI researchers worldwide to review what happened in the past 50 years, to analyze what will happen in the future, and to discuss what and how we should do next.

  5. 2, New Problems-- Inconsistent approaches and New demand

  6. The Structuralism Approach 1943, McCulloch-Pitts: Logic Model of Nerve Cell. 1981, Hopfield: New Model and Learning Algorithm of Neural Networks 1990, Computational Intelligence -- Neural Networks -- Fuzzy Logic -- Evolution Computing -- Chaotic Theory -- Rough Set Theory

  7. The Functionalism Approach • 1956, Newell, Simon et al • Logic Theorist, GPS, Means-Ends Analysis • 1970, Feigenbaum et al • Expert Systems (Knowledge Engineering) • Hybrid Systems • Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery • Fuzzy Set Theory • Machine Learning • Multi-Agent System

  8. The Behaviorism Approach 1990, Brooks: Intelligence without Representation; 1991, Brooks: Intelligence without Reasoning Pattern Recognition Action Response Effectiveness

  9. Brief Comments 1, All have made great progresses while facing critical difficulties. 2, All are independent to each other and lack of coordination. 3, It leaves questions: What is the relationship among the three? Are there any better approaches to AI ?

  10. New Demand from Intelligence Research New Natural Intelligence Emotion and Artificial Emotion Consciousness and Artificial Consciousness Cognitive Informatics Artificial Life Intelligent Robot Intelligent Agent, multi-Agent and Distribute AI Complex Systems and Intelligent Information Network

  11. 3, New Approach--A better approach to AI

  12. Mechanism Approach to AI Structure, functionandbehaviorof intelligent systems can provide some meaningful information on intelligence though a deeper insight approach to AI research should be concerned with themechanism of intelligence formation. Behavior Mechanism Function Structure

  13. Mechanism Model on Human Intelligence Processed Information Knowledge Processing Cognition Decision Acquired Information Intelligent Strategy Transferring Transferring Real World Acquisition Execution Original Information Intelligent Action

  14. Core Mechanism of Intelligence Formation Decision Making Cognition Information Knowledge Intelligence Transformations from information to knowledge and further to intelligenceare the keys.

  15. New Concept & Theory Needed (1) Comprehensive Information Theory (Y. X. Zhong, 1988-1996-2002) Formal Description Syntactic Meaning Utility Object Symbol Subject Semantic Pragmatic States x1 xn xN Certainty c1 cn cN Truth t1 tn tN Utility u1 un uN

  16. Where n = (cn)·(tn)·(un)

  17. New Concept & Theory Needed (2) Knowledge Theory (Y. X. Zhong, 2000) -- Definition: Description about a class of events on their states at which the events may stay and the law by which the states may vary. -- Categorization:formal, content, value -- Representation:p (possibility), r (rationality), v (value) States x1 xn xN Possibility p1 pn pN Rationality r1 rn rN Value v1 vn vN

  18. -- Measures:K(P, P*;U), K(R, R*;U), K(V,V*;U) Where n = (pn)·(rn)·(vn)

  19. -- Ecology of Knowledge Growth Empirical Knowledge Regular Knowledge Commonsense Knowledge Inherent Knowledge

  20. Algorithms: Information  Knowledge Information Common Sense Knowledge-1 CSK-1 Base Information Empirical Knowledge Induction Learning Regular Knowledge Validation/Deduction Common Sense Knowledge-2 Popularization

  21. Algorithms: Knowledge  Intelligence Common Sense Knowledge Intelligent Strategy Sensor-Motor Empirical Knowledge Neural Network Intelligent Strategy Regular Knowledge Expert System Intelligent Strategy

  22. All Algorithms Are Feasible and Open Algorithms forInformation  Knowledge Transformation --information  experience:Induction Algorithms (Data-Mining, Knowledge Discovery, …) --old knowledge  new one: Deduction Algorithms (Logic Reasoning, Rough Set Theory…) --RK  common knowledge:popularization Algorithms forKnowledge  Intelligence Transformation -- Experience-Based: Neural Networks and the like -- Regular K-Based: Expert Systems -- Common K-Based: Senor-Motor Algorithms forInterfaces:All areinteroperable.

  23. A Unified Model of AI C.K Sensor-Motor C.K Neural Network Acquisition Execution E.K I-Action Validation P-C-G R.K Expert System R.K Popularization C.K-2 Information Knowledge Intelligence

  24. Consciousness-Emotion-Intelligence Emotion CSK-Cons. Syntactic Info Retrieval Reflection CSK-Base G K CI Conversion Cognition DM I-Strategy Information K-Base

  25. Implications & Open Problems 1, Instead of being contradictory among the three, AI Theory is now becoming a big and harmonious family, a unified and systematic discipline, thus gaining greater momentum. 2, As results, AI should now mean the trinity of traditional AI, neural network (Computational Intelligence) and the senor- motor systems. 3, The unified theory of AI does not close the doorbut rather, it opens up more future works: -- Specific algorithms in all possible applications -- More Challenges:Implicit Intelligence – finding and defining problems

  26. 4, New Proposal-- International Studies on Advanced Intelligence

  27. Should We Need To Prepare A New Platform? International Platform on Advanced Intelligence (IPAI): A New Platform for Conference on Advanced Intelligence. Advanced Intelligence: Natural Intelligence - Machine Intelligence (NN+ES+SM) Intelligence-Emotion-Consciousness-Cognition Complex System-Distributed Intelligence-Intelligent Web Basic Principles for IPAI: Freedom: For freely exchanging ideas and sharing progress. Free in and free out. Equity: All individuals are equal in IPAI. Democracy: Representatives of regions as operational body Host: in turn via Application

  28. Comments Are Welcome.Thank You !

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