Foundations of America

1. Foundations of America By Alexander Alonzo

2. Exploration Beginnings • 1492 – Christopher Columbus lands in the new world from Spain to lay claim to the Bahamas. • 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits Spanish and Portuguese colonies. • 1513 – Balboa lands in the isthmus of Central America. • 1519 - 21 :Cortes conquers Aztecs and claims New Spain colony.

3. 1531 - 33 : Pizarro lands in the Inca Empire and conquers the Incas by germ warfare and beheads their emperor. • 1539 – 42 : de Soto looks for fountain of youth near Mississippi River area; dies looking for it but lays important claim to Spain. • 1540 – 42 : Francisco Coronado looks for 7 cities of gold but finds 7 rich cities made of adobe by natives. Adds territory to New Spain territory.

4. 1524 – Verrazano explores eastern coast of N. America for France. • 1542 – Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo explores California Coast but found nothing of interest. • 1551 – Mexico City and Lima founded • 1565 – Fort of San Augustine formed at eastern coast of Florida by Spain • 1680 – La Salle explores central N. America

5. Map Legend • Green – Spanish Possessions • Red – British Possessions • Blue – French Possessions • Orange – Portuguese Possessions • Purple – Dutch Possessions • Brown – Russian Possessions

6. Colonial Possessions

7. The Virginia Company from England 1606 – Virginia Co. attacked by Native Americans 1607 – 08 : Capt John Smith takes over barreling Jamestown settlement and rises it along with help of Powhatan Indians after Pocahontas saves Smith, but only survived until 1610. On leave, colonists met Lord De La Warr who defeated the Native Americans.

8. Conflicts with Native Americans • 1614 - 1st Anglo Powhatan War • 1622 – After ravaged by disease, Native Americans attacked and left 347 settlers dead, including John Rolfe. • 1644 – 2nd Anglo Powhatan War • 1646 – Peace Treaty • 1669 – 2,000 Powhatans remained and settlers considered them extinct

9. Success of the Colony • John Rolfe, father of the tobacco industry. Perfection of methods of raising and curing the weed, eliminating any weird tastes. • Demand for tobacco rose in England and the Colonies. • Crops were planted in the streets and in spaces between the graves. • 1619 – Dutch warship near Jamestown sold some 20 African slaves

10. Yet slaves were too costly for Jamestown settlers. • The town flourished with a representative self government. Known as the House of Burgesses.

11. Maryland : Catholic Haven • Plantation Colony by England; 4th colony by England. • Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, from a prominent English Catholic family. • Permitted an unusual form of freedom of worship

12. About a century later, Maryland imported slaves to their colony. • 200 settlers settled at St. Mary’s in 1694. • Protestants threatened to still persecute the Catholics.

13. The West Indies • Spain had been weakened and distracted by its Dutch provinces. • 1655 – England secures claim to its biggest prize, Jamaica. • Sugar became the main crop in the W. Indies, and tobacco was a poor man’s crop. • Black slaves had outnumbered the white population by the 1700s with an overshipment of slaves.

14. The Carolinas • Carolina developed through the sugar islands of the W. Indies. • Many settlers emigrated from Barbados, bringing along the slave system. • Enlisting aid from Savannah Indians.

15. Other Colonies and their relations with Natives. • One Rhode Island town counted to about 200 Indian slaves in 1730 • 1707 – Savannah Indians end their alliance with Carolina settlers when they were forced into slavery and migrated to the backskirts of Maryland and Pennsylvania. • William Penn and the Quakers promised better relations with Natives.

16. Carolina settlers planned to kill off all Native American tribes and were successful in coastal Carolina in 1710 with bloody raids. • 1711 – 13 : Tuscarora War in North Carolina. • 1715 – 16 : Yamasee War in South Carolina.

17. Georgia : The Buffer Colony • Chief settlement at Savannah founded in 1733. • Founded 126 years after the first at Jamestown. • James Ogelthorpe to lead the colony as a buffer.

18. Population growth • By 1700, the English Colonies consisted of 300,000 people; 20,000 were slaves. • By 1775, 2.5 million were in the 13 Colonies alone; immigrants made up 400,000 of the population. • Many were clumped east of the Appalachians, yet some crossed west.

19. Interracial mixing • Germans contained 6% of population, with 150,000. • Scots-Irish numbered 7% of the population at 175,000. • Many fled persecution in their countries to live in the colonies.

20. Industry • Agriculture became leading industry at 90% in the colonies. • Maryland and Virginia continued having tobacco as staple crop. • The middle colonies produced high amounts of grain. • Fishing and whaling thrived in all culture of the colonies. • Each group of colonies were enriched in what they do.