FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICA

1. FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICA

2. Looking to escape the control of the Church of England, British and European immigrants came to the shores of North America in search of new lives and religious freedom. • The number one reason people came to the new world was religious freedom • The Puritans and Quakers are examples of religious dissenters that founded colonies in North America

3. ECONOMIC GROWTH • The colonies operated under an economic system called MERCANTILISM: making $ for the mother country. • It was an early modern European economic philosophy that supported the idea of creating colonies for getting $ for their natural resources.

4. Mercantilism • “making money for the mother country” • On your exams it will say “an economic philosophy that supported one country from another's resources.” • It is saying the same thing, England made money off of selling the colonies resources

5. REGIONAL DIVISIONS IN THE COLONIES Colonies divided into: • Northern-Also called the New England Colonies • MA, NH, CT, R.I. • Middle-Also called the Bread Basket Colonies • NY, NJ, DE, PA • Southern Regions • NC, GA, VA, MD

6. NEW ENGLAND (NORTHERN) COLONIES CHARACTERISTICS • Poor rocky soil • Religious freedom • Subsistence farming (a plot of land produces only enough food to feed the family working it) Think “Self Farming” • Accessible ports and Harbors • First colonies to develop Cities. • Why would these colonies develop cities first?

7. : MIDDLE COLONIES Characteristics of Middle Colonies: Dense forests lumber trading of excess food. Subsistence Farming Harsh Winters

8. SOUTHERN COLONIES: Characteristics of Southern Colonies: Rich fertile soil Plantation System evolution of Slavery Cash Crops Good Weather

9. Big Idea • If you had to choose one word that would explain the reason why the colonies developed differently what would it be? • *******GEOGRAPHY*******

11. JAMESTOWN, VIRGINIA • Founded in 1607, the first successful permanent English colony in America. Founded by religious dissenters: people who did not agree with the Church of England. What were the two Groups of religious dissenters called?

12. The Quakers settled in Pennsylvania in 1682 under their leader, William Penn. It was considered a safe place for the religious group to live and practice their faith. "It would be far better to be of no church than to be bitter of any." William Penn

13. LAND AND LABOR • In the early years of the colonies, the labor supply came from Indentured Servants. • They agreed to work for a landowner for a period of 4 to 7 years in return for passage to America, food and housing. • By the late 1600’s the system of Slavery increased to meet the demand for labor in the American Colonies.

14. INDENTURED SERVITUDE Running AwayServants may not, under any circumstances, run away from their masters. Punished by whipping, and at the Governor's discretion, may have had the term of indenture extended to compensate for lost time and any damages incurred by masters.Threats to MastersServants may not threaten their masters or steal from their masters, or resist the authority of their masters.Punished by whipping.Abuse of ServantsMasters may not abuse, make hard usage or show cruelty in correcting their servants.Punished by levying a fine and public reprimand.

15. The slave trade worked by the Triangular Trade Route between Europe, West Africa and North American colonies. • The route began at the tip of the triangle in Europe, the second and longest part of the triangle was known as the Middle Passage.

17. MIDDLE PASSAGE • The Middle Passage refers to the forced transportation of West Africans to North America as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

20. Quote from Olaudah Equiano about the Middle Passage • “I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native country or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining the shore, which I now considered as friendly; and I even wished for my former slavery in preference to my present situation, which was filled with horrors of every kind…There I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench and the crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor has I the least desire to taste anything. I now wished for the last friend, Death, to relieve me.”

21. COLONIAL DIVISIONS • ROYAL COLONIES: Controlled by the Crown (king/queen) NH, MA, NY, NJ, VA, NC, SC, GA • PROPRIETARY COLONIES: Colony for which the king gave land to one or a few people to oversee. MD, PA, DE • JOINT-STOCK COLONIES: Investors paid for shares of the eventual profit. (Most colonies began as Joint Stock) • SELF GOVERNING (Charter Colony): Colony that exercised political authority over itself. CT, RI

22. ASSIGNMENT • Writing Prompt: • Please write a paragraph about the development of the colonies and the significance of geography on the development. Also include how mercantilism and religious freedom impacted colonization. State the significance of Indentured servitude and labor to the colonies. Do you think the colonies would have survived without them? Why? • Please write legibly. There are several detailed questions in the prompt, all must be addressed. There is no limit to how long it has to be, however it has to make sense and answer all questions. No Bullet point answers!!!!