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Secrets of Skulls

Secrets of Skulls. Teeth Specialization. Mammals have teeth of different sizes and shapes This condition is known as heterodonty It allows different teeth to be specialized for different tasks. These specialized teeth include: Incisors (I) Canine teeth (C) Premolars (P) Molars (M) .

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Secrets of Skulls

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  1. Secrets of Skulls

  2. Teeth Specialization • Mammals have teeth of different sizes and shapes • This condition is known as heterodonty • It allows different teeth to be specialized for different tasks. These specialized teeth include: • Incisors (I) • Canine teeth (C) • Premolars (P) • Molars (M) HETERODONT HOMODONT

  3. Type: Incisors Location: front of jaw Description: straight & sharp Function:biting or sharp shearing

  4. Types of Teeth: Incisors Incisors = Cutting teeth • Are the front most teeth in the jaw • Primarily used for the initial biting of food • Have a straight, sharp cutting edge INTERESTING In rodents incisors continue to grow throughout life and are worn down through gnawing Elephants tusks are adapted incisor teeth

  5. Type: Canines Location: either side of incisors Description: pointed and sharp Function:tearing food, stabbing prey

  6. Types of Teeth: Canines Canines = Stabbing teeth • They have a sharp, pointed edge • Located at the front of the jaw between the incisors and premolars • Used to bite/tear food and/or stab and kill prey.

  7. Diversity ofcanine teeth

  8. INTERESTING • The tusks of many animals such as walruses, narwals, pigs and warthogs are modified canines. • Absent in rodents and most large herbivores (although some have reduced canines) • The notable gap between Incisor and the molar teeth (where the canines would have been) is often enlarged and is called a 'diastema'.

  9. Type: Premolars Location: side of jaw, b/w canine and molars Description: broad and flat with cusps Function:chewing- crushing, grinding

  10. Premolars Premolars = Next back from the canines. • Used to chew- crush and grind our food. • Generally their upper surfaces have a broad, lumpy top(cusps) instead of a sharp biting edge INTERESTING • In carnivores at least some of them are slimmer and are used to cut flesh. (called the carnassials) • Generally similar to molars in form and function in both herbivores and omnivores

  11. Type: Molars Location: back of jaw Description: broad and flat with cusps. Larger than pre molars Function:chewing- crushing, grinding

  12. Molars Molars = grinding teeth • Usually larger than premolars and extremely variable depending on the animal's diet. • Like premolars they are used for crushing and grinding food, and like premolars their upper surfaces have ridges called cusps on them. • Molars normally have three to five cusps and two or three roots.

  13. Role of teeth, tongue and Saliva activity

  14. Dentition of an infant

  15. Dentition of an infant

  16. Dentition of an adult Human • In total humans have 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars = 32 teeth • Other mammals have different numbers of each sort of teeth

  17. Dental Formula of Humans • 2123-2123 is upper and lower jaws respectively • Signifying 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars • on each side in • both the upper and lower jaw.

  18. Skull of a Carnivore

  19. Teeth and Muscle structure of a Carnivore

  20. Skull of a Herbivore (cow)

  21. Muscle structure and attachment in a Herbivore

  22. Upper and lower Jaw of a Lion

  23. Skull and dental formula of a PIG • I=3/3 C=1/1 P=4/4 M=3/3

  24. Skull and Dental formula of a COW • I=3/3 C=1/1 P=3/3 M=3/3

  25. Skull and dental formula of a HORSE • (male) I=3/3 C=1/1 P=3/3 M=3 • (female) I=3/3 C=0/0 P=3/3 M=3/3 • NOTE: sometimes P=4/3 in either sex

  26. Skull and dental formula of a RAT • I=1/1 C=0/0 P=0/0 M=3/3

  27. Skull and dental formula of a DOG( German Shepard) • I=3/3 C=1/1 P=4/4 M=2/3

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