Download
1 / 33
330 likes | 542 Views
Groundwater. 14.1 Water in the Ground. 14.2 Conserving Groundwater. 14.3 Groundwater and Geology. Water in the Ground. Groundwater. Zone of aeration. Capillary fringe. Water table. Zone of saturation. Zone of aeration. Impermeable layer. Zone of saturation.
E N D
Groundwater 14.1Water in the Ground 14.2Conserving Groundwater 14.3Groundwater and Geology
Water in the Ground Groundwater Zone of aeration Capillary fringe Water table Zone of saturation Zone of aeration Impermeable layer Zone of saturation The amount of water that rocks or soil can hold depends on their porosity and permeability. VOCABULARY groundwater porosity The water table is the top of the water-saturated region of the ground. The depth of the water table depends on climate, season, and location. permeability water table capillary action ordinary well spring aquifer artesian formation geyser
Zone of saturation : All the pores and cracks filled with water Zone of aeration : Area above the water table mostly filled with air
How groundwater moves • Groundwater usually travels slowly underground seeping and filtering through particles of soil and pores within rocks. • Gravity is the prime factor in the movement of groundwater from higher to lower locations • The rock material can retard (impermeable rock) and divert flow. • As the groundwater flows, pollutants follow the flow and spread out.
Water in the Ground Groundwater Groundwater reaches the surface through natural springs and through wells. Aquifers are permeable layers of rock and sediment that have groundwater in enough quantity to supply wells. In areas associated with volcanic activity, groundwater may be very hot, resulting in the formation of springs and geysers. Groundwater: Water that enters and is stored in the ground. Porosity: The percent of a material’s volume that is pore space. Permeability: The rate at which water or other liquids passes through the pore spaces of a rock.
Porosity: The percent of a material’s volume that is pore space.
Permeability: The rate at which water or other liquids passes through the pore spaces of a rock.
Groundwater: aquifers • What would be the properties (porosity/permeability) of conglomerate? • High porosity, high permeability
Groundwater: aquifers • What would be the properties (porosity/permeability) of unfractured granite? • Low porosity, low permeability
Water in the Ground Water table: The surface below which the ground is saturated with water. Capillary action: A phenomenon whereby groundwater rises because the water molecules are attracted to soil particles. Spring: A small stream of water whose source is groundwater that has reached the surface. Aquifer: A permeable layer of rock and sediment that stores and carries groundwater in enough quantities to supply wells. Geyser:A hot spring that intermittently shoots columns of hot water and steam into the air.
Spring: A small stream of water whose source is groundwater that has reached the surface.
Spring: A small stream of water whose source is groundwater that has reached the surface. The Water Table
Artesian formation: An arrangement of a permeable layer of rock sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock.
Artesian Well Artesian formation: An arrangement of a permeable layer of rock sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock.
Geyser: A hot spring that intermittently shoots columns of hot water and steam into the air.
Groundwater and Geology Travertine is a calcite deposit. Groundwater As water moves through the ground, it dissolves minerals. When the groundwater cools or evaporates, the dissolved minerals are often left behind as deposits such as travertine, geyserite, petrified wood, stalactites, stalagmites, and the cement that binds sedimentary rocks. VOCABULARY mineral deposit cavern karst topography
Groundwater and Geology Groundwater 1. Rainwater containing carbonic acid seeps into the ground. 2. Limestone dissolves, forming underground caves. 3. Below the water table, the cave is filled with water. Limestone Cave Formation Groundwater containing carbonic acid dissolves limestone, forming caverns and features of karst topography.
Groundwater and Geology Mineral deposits: A deposit that is left behind when groundwater that contains minerals cools or evaporates. Cavern: A large underground chamber. Karst topography: Topography characterized by sinkholes, sinkhole ponds, lost rivers, and underground drainage; forms in areas with bedrock made of calcite, dolomite, or other minerals that dissolve easily.
Cavern: A large underground chamber.
Karst topography:Topography characterized by sinkholes, sinkhole ponds, lost rivers, and underground drainage; forms in areas with bedrock made of calcite, dolomite, or other minerals that dissolve easily.
Mineral deposits: A deposit that is left behind when groundwater that contains minerals cools or evaporates.
Conserving Groundwater Groundwater A worker sorting hazardous waste for safe disposal. A water budget relates the recharge, surplus, usage, and deficit of soil water to the moisture needs and the moisture supply of an area. Overuse of groundwater leads to problems such as subsidence. Groundwater pollution is a serious threat to supplies of usable water. VOCABULARY water budget recharge surplus usage deficit
Conserving Groundwater Water budget: Describes the income and the spending of water in a region. Recharge: The refilling of soil water supply at times when plants need little moisture. Surplus: The condition of having rainfall greater than the need for moisture when the soil is already saturated. Usage: The condition where plants draw water from the soil at times when the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall. Deficit: The condition in which stored soil water is gone and the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall.
Usage: The condition where plants draw water from the soil at times when the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall.
Pollution in Water When pollutants enter the ground, they spread out in the groundwater. If there is no movement of the groundwater, they disperse evenly in all directions.
