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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Chapter 33.1. Circulatory System. The main function is to transport O 2 , nutrients, and wastes through the body. Circulatory System. Delivers O 2 and nutrients to tissues from the lungs and digestive system

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System Chapter 33.1

  2. Circulatory System • The main function is to transport O2, nutrients, and wastes through the body

  3. Circulatory System • Delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues from the lungs and digestive system • Bring wastes from the tissues to be filtered and eliminated by excretory system and lungs

  4. Circulatory System • Composed of the heart, blood vessels and the blood

  5. The Heart • The heart is a hollow organ made of muscle near the center of the chest. • Contractions pump the blood

  6. The Human Heart

  7. The Heart • Has four chambers. • Right and left atriums (receive blood) • Right and left ventricles (which pump blood out of the heart)

  8. Control of Heart Beat • The sinorial atrial (SA) node controls the rate of the human heart. It fires and causes the atria to contract. • The SA node sends an electrical impulse that is then picked up by other fibers called the atrioventricular (AV) node. After a fraction of a second the ventricles then contract

  9. Superior Vena Cava • Brings blood with high CO2 levels back from the top half of the body • A large vein

  10. Inferior Vena Cava • Brings blood with high CO2 levels back from the lower half of the body. • A large vein

  11. Right Atrium • Receives high CO2/low O2 blood from the vena cavas

  12. Right Ventricle • Receives blood from the right atrium then pumps this low O2/high CO2 blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries • Tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

  13. Left & Right Pulmonary Artery • Carries blood to left lung • Carries blood to the right lung • Pulmonary valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

  14. Left Atrium • Receives high O2 blood from the lungs

  15. Left Ventricle • Receives high O2 blood from the left atrium and then pumps it to the rest of the body • Mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium • Aortal valve prevents blood from flowing back into the heart from the aorta

  16. Aorta • Main artery leaving the left ventricle, carries O2 to rest of body

  17. Blood Vessels • Blood vessels bring blood throughout the body. • Arteries • arterioles • Capillaries • venules • Veins

  18. Arteries • Arteries: carries blood away from the heart. • Highways of the circulatory system • Thick elastic walls help them withstand high pressure • Made-up from connective tissue, smoothmuscle and endothelium

  19. Capillaries • Smallest blood vessels. • Wall is one cell thick • Blood cells pass, one cell at a time • Nutrients and O2 diffuse out and waste products diffuse in

  20. Veins • After the capillaries, the veins carry blood back to the heart. • Many vein are located between skeletal muscles • Many veins contain valves to ensure blood keeps flowing to the heart

  21. Blood: Avg. 4-6 liters • Made of several substances • Plasma: The fluid portion of the blood. • Mostly water with some salts and minerals. • 55% of blood

  22. Blood: Red Blood Cells • This is what carries O2. • 44% of your blood • Produced in bone marrow • Lasts 120 days • Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein molecule that carries O2- oxyhemoglobin • Carries some CO2 to the lungs

  23. Blood: White Blood Cells • Protect the body from foreign substances. • Are about 1% of your blood

  24. Blood: Platelets • Protein fragments found in the blood that help your blood to clot and prevent bleeding. • This is what forms scabs.

  25. Blood Clot Cascade

  26. Blood Pressure Like any pump the heart produces pressure. Blood pressure (BP) falls when the heart relaxes but some pressure still remains. A sphygmomanometer measures BP. BP is given in two numbers – systolic and diastolic. The systolic is the pressure when the ventricles are contracting and the diastolic is the pressure when the ventricles are relaxing. A typical BP is 120/80

  27. Blood Clots A high BP may be indicative of some blockage in your arteries. If this is suspected people are often given and ultrasound to look for any plaque formations and damage to the arteries. If this is found then various treatments can be given.

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