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Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory Reprocessing Stickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse

Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory Reprocessing Stickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse. Group #1 D. Doan, B. Gee, E. Lee, J. Tran February 13, 2008. Introduction. Association between sleep, learning, and memory Behavioral studies Physiology of sleep

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Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory Reprocessing Stickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse

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  1. Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory ReprocessingStickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse Group #1 D. Doan, B. Gee, E. Lee, J. Tran February 13, 2008

  2. Introduction • Association between sleep, learning, and memory • Behavioral studies • Physiology of sleep • Cognitive processing in REM and NREM • Dreams and memory • Theories of dreams

  3. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • REM sleep plays a role in: • Learning • Procedural memory • Emotional memories • Modifying neocortical networks

  4. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • Animal studies • Smith (1985) • “REM windows” • Occurred after procedural training • REM sleep increases • REM deprivation leads to diminished retention • Deprivation-induced stress

  5. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • Human studies • Posttraining REM deprivation impairs procedural learning • Enhanced recall for emotional memories after REM sleep • e.g. major depression and PTSD

  6. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • Visual texture discrimination task

  7. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • Visual texture discrimination task

  8. Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Sleep • REM and Modification of Neocortical Networks • Not just procedural learning • Complex logic games • Foreign language acquisition • Intensive studying

  9. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Synchronous brain activity • SWS sleep • Cortical long-term potentiation (LTP) • Sharp wave potentials • REM sleep • Hippocampal LTP • Hippocampo-neocortical dialog

  10. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Synchronous brain activity cont. • Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves • Visual cortex • Motor cortex • Amygdala • Hippocampus • Transition from NREM to REM • Gamma waves • Binding problem

  11. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Neuronal Replay • SWS • Neuronal replay occurs after half an hour • REM • Neuronal replay occurs after 24 hours • Implications

  12. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Neuromodulators • Noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus • Serotonergic (5-HT) dorsal Raphe nucleus • Cholinergic (Ach) nuclei of dorsolateral pons

  13. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Regional Brain Activation • PET studies • SWS • All brain regions less active than waking • REM • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ↓ • Anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortices ↑ • Amygdala ↑

  14. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Plasticity and Learning • Pontine reticular formation (PRF) activation and PGO waves • Consolidate learning and form new associations • Protein synthesis and phosphokinase A (PKA) • Hippocampal learning

  15. Sleep Architecture and Physiology • Plasticity and Learning • Visual deprivation cat studies

  16. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • Approaches to studies of dreaming • Identifying isomorphisms between • Neurophysiological features of REM • Formal properties of REM dreams • Measuring cognitive processes

  17. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • Measuring cognitive processes • Semantic priming favors weaker associations after REM awakenings than after NREM awakenings • Solving anagrams is similarly enhanced after REM compared with NREM awakenings

  18. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • Semantic priming across wake-sleep states

  19. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • REM favors more fluid thinking than NREM

  20. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • Physiological characteristics of REM • Shift in neuromodulatory balance • ↓ activity in DLPFC & ↑ activity in anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala • Decreased outflow of information from hippocampus to neocortex

  21. Cognitive Processing in REM and NREM • The brain in REM is tuned more for the processing of associative memories than for the simple consolidation of recent memory traces

  22. Dreams and Memory • Verbal reports • More hallucinations and less directed thinking • Memory sources • Episodic memory

  23. Dreams and Memory • Emotions and dreaming • Physiology • Sleep onset dreaming • Video game studies

  24. Dream Theories • Important Questions • How dreams are constructed • What is the purpose of the construction • Non-uniform states • Unique REM physiology • Weak neo-cortical associations

  25. Dream Theories • Role of dreaming • Evaluating neocortical association • Strengthening or weakening associations

  26. Thank you!

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