Approaching the Comprehensive Approach: Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations

1. Your Gateway to Peace Operations Approaching the Comprehensive Approach: Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf | ZIF Analysis Partnership for Peace Workshop | Bratislava, 03 July 2013

2. Overview • Background: Comprehensive Peace Operations • ZIF: Purpose and Mandate • Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF • Approaching the Comprehensive Approach in Training: Lessons and Questions Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

3. 1 | Peace Operations: Key Figures > 140 peace operations since 1948 > 50 mandated missions today > 270.000 peacekeepers > 240.000 military > 16.000 police > 11.000 civilians Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

4. 1 | Fundamental Changes in Peace Operations • More types of field missions. • More complex, partly executive mandates. • More organizations than ever involved. • Extended periods of deployment. • Wider roles for (civilian) personnel. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

5. 1 | Range of Activities Peacemaking Peacekeeping Peacebuilding Monitoring; Observation Humanitarian aid; Emergency response Political dialogue; Mediation Administration; Demobilization; Rule of Law; Security sector reform Capacity building; Institution building; Policy support Elections Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

6. 1 | Range of Actors United Nations Regional Organizations (EU, OSCE, AU, etc.) Bilateral Actors UN Regionalorganisationen „Coalitions of the Willing“ Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

7. 2 | ZIF Mandate Established in 2002 as Non-profit Ltd., owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Foreign Office • to provide independent analysis and advice on • crisis prevention, peace operations, and peace building; • cooperation between civilian, police and military actors; • policy and further development of the UN, EU, OSCE and other international institutions. • to establish and maintain a civilian expert roster for peace operations and election observations. • to develop and provide training for experts to be deployed in international peace operations and as election observers. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

8. 2 | ZIF Structure Director Analysis Human Resources (Expert Roster) Training Administration 18 employees Projects AU Roster OCHARoster ENTRi II EU Training Peace Ops Fragile states Rule of Law Peace and Security ~20 employees Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

9. 2862 68 525 26 71 2 | ZIF Expert Roster ~1,300 civilians registered, non-standing German Civilians in Peace Operations (as of December 2012) German Election Observers (2002-2012: 3405) European Council: 18 2.771 STO, 634 LTO Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

10. 2 | ZIF Experts in Peace Operations • Human Rights Expert, Sudan • Monitor, Georgia • Election Observer, Kazakhstan • Press Officer, Timor-Leste • Political Analyst, DR Congo • Humanitarian Coordinator, Libya • International Judge, Kosovo • Finance Manager, Afghanistan • Logistics Specialist, Liberia Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

11. 3 | Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF • Working Group on the Comprehensive Approach (Vernetzte Sicherheit): • Representatives from / liaison to MoECD, MFA, MoD, MoI. • Analytical and conceptual contributions to CA. • Participation in Working Group on Peace and Development (FriEnt): • MoECD, governmental agencies, NGOs. • Strengthening cooperation and contribution of development cooperation to sustainable conflict transformation. • Training Partner Platform: • MoECD, MoJ, MoI, MoD Bundeswehr: Command & Staff College, UN Training CenterPolice Academies, GIZ. • Pooling of resources, joint trainings, exchange of experience. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

12. 3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint Trainings • Mentoring and Advising (w/ several partners). • Intercultural communication (w/ police academies). • Gender issues in peace operations (w/ police academies). • UN Administration and Field Support (w/ UN-DFS, CSC Hamburg). • Field Security Trainings (w/ UN Training Center Hammelburg). Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

13. 3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings ENTRi II – Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management. • 3,33m Euro / 3 yrs from the EU Instrument for Stability, co-funded • 90% by European Commission • 10% by 14 implementing partners (led by ZIF) • OSCE and UN-DPKO as Associates. • Preparation and training of civilians to be, or already deployed to crisis management missions (EU, UN, OSCE, AU). • 747 civilians from 67 nations trained in 36 ENTRi courses in 2012. • Courses: • Pre-deployment: EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL Afghanistan, EUMM Georgia. • Specialization: Rule of Law, Mission Administration and Support, Conflict Analysis & Conflict Sensitivity, Mediation & Negotiation, Human Rights,Women in Armed Conflict. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

14. 3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings ZIFIn-Mission Trainings • Since 2011: EUPOL Afghanistan, EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL COPPS Palestine • Preparation and training of civilians already deployed to EU crisis management missions. • Intercultural communication,Mediation & Negotiation. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

15. 4 | Lesson 1: Targeting and Matching Different target groups need different focus. The closer to operations, the bigger the challenge to match target groups. Consequences: • Differentiate target groups between • political level, • planners, • implementers.  Who needs what? • For implementers, pre-deployment or in-mission trainings are best-fit, as they can cover conflict and context specific knowledge and skills.  Challengesdue to different deployment modes, dates and cycles. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

16. 4 | Lesson 2: Knowledge and Skills Different training formats focus on different types of knowledge and skills. There is no “one size fits all”. General Knowledge • Concepts (Comprehensive Approach, Human Security etc.) • CA philosophy in different International Organizations and Nations • Analysis and planning instruments • Structures, mandates and organizational cultures Conflict-specific Knowledge Skills • Intercultural behavior • Conflict and actor analysis • Defining goals and planning • Networking and interaction Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations

17. 4 | Lesson 3: Priorities and Mainstreaming Civilians’ training time is a scarce resource. To maximize numbers of participants, minimize time required. Focus on mainstreaming. Consequences: • Identify training priorities for target groups with respect to • relevant skills, • relevant conflict context, • training time required, • political importance. • Focus on short training courses or modules to minimize time required. • Focus on mainstreaming to reach maximum numbers of participants. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf Center for International Peace Operations