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WELCOME to CBI 2013

WELCOME to CBI 2013. Catholic Bible Institute – Diocese of Orange Orientation Session – August 24, 2013 Loyola Institute for Spirituality http://loyolainstitute.org/cbi. Opening Prayer: “Enthrone the Bible in Your Home”. White Booklet & Gray Music Sheet

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WELCOME to CBI 2013

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  1. WELCOMEto CBI 2013 Catholic Bible Institute – Diocese of Orange Orientation Session – August 24, 2013 Loyola Institute for Spirituality http://loyolainstitute.org/cbi

  2. Opening Prayer:“Enthrone the Bible in Your Home” • White Booklet & Gray Music Sheet • Place Bibles in the Center of your table • Song: “Praise to You, O Christ, Our Savior”

  3. Overview of Today • 9:00 Introductions, icebreakers • 9:15 Session 1: Welcome/Intro to the CBI • 10:30 Session 2: Catholic Biblical Interp. • 12:00 Lunch • 1:00 Session 3: Biblical Fundamentalism vs. Contextualism/ Criticism • 2:30 Session 4: Intro to Biblical Studies • 4:00 Announcements, Prayer, Departure

  4. Intro: CBI Team Randy Lopez (CBI Coordinator) Fr. Felix Just, S.J. (LIS Exec. Director) Cindy Guzman (LIS office@loyolainstitute.org) Sr. Christine Hilliard, C.S.J. Jess Moya Ryan Ignatius Pratt Edward Ray Magdalena Santiago

  5. Icebreakers for Table Groups • Go around the table; allow each person opportunity to answer the first question before moving onto the second, then the third. Keep your answers brief so everyone has time to share. • Brief introduction – name and parish or religious community • What are you seeking to get out of the Catholic Bible Institute? • If you could spend a day with any biblical character, who would it be, and why?

  6. 1) Intro to the CBI • CBI History - Jess Moya • Began in LA in 1993 • Three-year program: OT, NT, Practicum • Experiential learning: talks, discussion, prayer • Reading and writing assignments • Jess completed CBI in 2005-2008 • He then led Bible program in H.F. parish 2008-2013 • Now CBI also being offered here in Orange • Expectations and Prospects for YOU?

  7. 1) Intro to the CBI • CBI Philosophy - Randy Lopez CBI offers an experience of encountering the Word of God that is: • Professional • Prayerful • Purposeful • Participatory • Pastoral • Personal

  8. Faith Sharing Guidelines As we listen to others share how God is speaking to them, God can also speak to us. We need to listen attentively, with our ears and eyes and hearts open, in order for us to hear God speaking to us through others. • See Jesus in every member of your group. • Love each member just as she or he is today. • Treat everyone as well as you want them to treat you (the “Golden Rule”). • Share only what God is revealing to you about yourself and your life. • Allow each person equal time to share, but don’t force anyone. • Be courteous of one another. Allow each person to speak without interruption. • Listening is even more important than speaking (we have two ears, one mouth). • Do not try to solve another person’s problems. Do not teach, preach, judge, condemn, or give advice. Just listen and offer support. • Do not share with others outside the group what you heard in the group. Confidentiality is essential for the trust level of a group. • All members of the group assume responsibility for these guidelines.Gently remind and lovingly encourage one another if anyone forgets.

  9. 1) Intro: CBI Logistics • 3-Years; once a month (except summers) • Registrations: Scholarships? • Choice of Credit/Enrichment – changing later? • Statement of Intent & Letter of Recommendation • Monthly Reading/Writing Assignments for Year 1 • Table Groups; Refreshments • Sacred Space; MP/EP • BOOKS

  10. Books for Year 1: NT • The Holy Bible (any Catholic “Study Edition”) • Dei Verbum, “Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation” (Vatican II; http://vatican.va) • Ron Witherup. Biblical Fundamentalism. • Kurt Aland. Synopsis of the Four Gospels. • Raymond Brown. An Intro to the New Test. • or Pheme Perkins. Reading the NT. 3rd edition. • Other:http://catholic-resources.org/Bible

  11. Session 4: Intro to Biblical Studies Catholic Bible Institute – Diocese of Orange Orientation Session – August 24, 2013 Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. – Loyola Institute for Spirituality http://catholic-resources.org

  12. What is the Bible? • Not just one book, but a whole library! • Greek biblia – “scrolls, books” (plural) • Books not all same type, but different kinds/genres • Some Key Terms (see “Glossary of Important Terms”) • Scripture • Canon • Bible • Testament / Covenant • scriptural / canonical / biblical • non-scriptural / non-canonical / non-biblical

  13. Wait! WHOSE Bible? • Many different versions, with different contents! • Not just different editions or different translations • Jewish Bibles vs. Christian Bibles • Jewish: ancient or modern? In Hebrew, or Greek, or English? from Masoretic Text (MT) or Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)? • Christian: Orthodox vs. Catholic vs. Protestant Bibles? • New Testament – luckily, same 27 books for most (99%) Xns • Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testaments: • Sadly, different versions for different groups! (see color handout) • Jewish? Catholic? Orthodox? Protestant? • Different names, numbers, order, categories, texts…

  14. Hebrew Bible / Jewish Scriptures • Hebrew Bible / Tanak (ancient & modern Jews) • Three Main Sections: • Torah = “Law”? “Teaching, Instruction” • Nevi’im = “Prophets” • Khetuvim = “Writings” • Torah ca. 6th Cent. BCE; Full Tanak ca. 1st Cent. CE! • Septuagint (ancient Greek-speaking Jews outside Palestine) • Greek Translation of H.B. plus more books! • Begun 3rd Cent. BCE; used widely by early Christians

  15. Christian “Old Testament” • “Hebrew Bible” / “First Testament” / “Old Testament”? • “Old” does NOT mean “bad, defunct, out-of-date” • Differences between HB & OT: • Foundational texts are different: • Modern Jewish Bibles are based on the Hebrew Bible (HB or MT) • OT section of Christian Bibles are based on the Septuagint (LXX) • Total number of biblical books is different: • Jews count 24, Protestants 39, Catholics 46, Orthodox up to 53 • Arrangement of the categories of books is different • Names/Titles of some books are different • Categorization of some books is different

  16. Summary: HB vs. LXX vs. OT • Hebrew Bible (TaNaK – ca. 1000-400 BCE; canonized 90 CE) • 3 sections: Torah, Nevi’im, Khetuvim (24 books) • Septuagint (LXX – compiled ca. 250-100 BCE) • Greek translation, rearrangement, and expansion of HB • 4 sections: Law, History, Wisdom, Prophets • “Deutero-canonical” books added: T.J. McWeb • Christian Old Testament (OT – as of 1st Century AD) • Law/Pentateuch, Historical, Wisdom, Prophets • Catholics follow Alexandrian Canon (46 books total) • Protestants removed the “Apocrypha” (39 books left)

  17. Christian “New Testament” • Christian Scriptures? Second Testament? • Luckily the same 27 books for (almost) ALL Christians • Written in last 1/3 of 1st Century AD • Individual writings, all in Greek, only later collected • Four Main Sections: • Gospels (Synoptics & John) • Acts of the Apostles • Letters/Epistles • Revelation/Apocalypse

  18. New Testament Overview • NT Content: • 27 “books” (incl. many letters) • All originally written in Greek • Later translations: Latin, etc. • Composition History: • Jesus’ Life/Death/Resurr. (ca. 30) • Apostolic Preaching: Oral Traditions • Early Written Sources (30’s? 50’s?) • Letters/Epistles (50’s – 110’s?) • Full Gospels (late 60’s – 90’s?) • Collections (1st – 3rd Cent.) • Canonization (late 4th Cent.)

  19. NT Structure & Genres • Four “Gospels” (Euangelion, lit. “good news”) • Canonical Order: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John (but Mark is oldest) • One “Acts” of the Apostles • Vol. 2 of Luke’s work (traveling companion of Paul?) • Twenty-One “Letters” or “Epistles” • “Pauline Letters” – attributed to Paul of Tarsus • Named after Communities & Individuals TO WHOM written • 7 “Undisputed” & 6 “Disputed” • Hebrews – vaguely Pauline; not really a “letter” but a sermon • “Catholic/General Epistles” – attribute to other apostles • James; 1 Peter; 2 Peter; 1 John; 2 John; 3 John; Jude • One “Apocalypse” = Book of Revelation (singular!)

  20. Papyrus (reed plant) Cut in strips, flattened Less expensive, durable www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/papyrus.html Vellum / Parchment Animal skins, prepared More expensive, durable www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/parchment.html Ancient Writing Materials • Other Materials: Stone, Clay, Wood, etc.

  21. Scroll Rolled, sealed on outside Written on one side only Papyrus or Vellum www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/roll.html Codex Sheets stacked, bound Written on both sides Papyrus or Vellum www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/codex.html Ancient Writing Format

  22. Ancient Scrolls • Pompeii: Wall Painting • Prior to AD 79 (when Pompeii was buried by lava from Mt. Vesuvius) • Girl reading a scroll (a letter or short book). • Seated woman with a scroll in her left hand.

  23. Ancient Writing • Ancient Wall Painting • Woman holding a book and a writing stylus

  24. Biblical Texts • Pre-Constantine Era (1st – 3rd Cent.) • Christians were poor, persecuted, minority • NT texts: only few papyrus scraps survive • Emperor Constantine • Edict of Milan (312 C.E.) • Imperial support of Christianity • Construction of Churches • Full Bible Codices on Vellumsome survive from 4th / 5th Cent.: • Codex Sinaiticus • Codex Vaticanus • Codex Alexandrinus, etc.

  25. Manuscripts Lit. “hand-written” Majuscule (ALLCAPSNOSPACES) Minuscule (lower case, punctuation) Printing First: carved wood blocks Moveable type: ~1453Johannes Gutenberg Writing Styles

  26. P52 - Oldest NT fragment • Ca. 125 – 150C.E.(now in John Rylands Library, Manchester) • kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/greek/johnpap.html • front: John 18:31-33 back: John 18:37-38

  27. P75 • Papyrus Bodmer XV • Ca. 175 – 225 C.E. • End of Luke & Start of John;both on same page!(so Luke/Acts separated)

  28. P46 • Oldest manuscript of the Pauline letters. • Originally part of the Chester Beatty Papyri • Written ca. AD 200 • Total of 104 pages, but several are now missing • Included at least ten of the Pauline letters • This image shows the text of 2 Cor 11:33–12:9

  29. Bible Versions & Translations • Ancient “Versions”(Languages): • Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, etc. • Modern Translations: • German, English, Spanish, etc. • Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Ecumenical • English Translations (sometimes also called “Versions”): • older: KJV, Douay-Rheims, etc. • newer: JB , RSV, NEB, NAB, NIV, etc. • newest: NJB, NRSV, REV, NAB-rev, NIV-rev, etc.

  30. Bible Formats & Editions • Ancient Writing Materials & Formats: • Papyrus (plant) & Vellum (skins) • Scroll (rolled) vs. Codex(bound) • Majuscule (ALL CAPS) vs. Minuscule (small letters) • Manuscripts (hand-written) vs. Print Editions (since 1453) • Modern Editions & Publications: • Reader’s Editions: text only • Study Editions: intros, footnotes, maps, etc. • Same translation might be used in different editions

  31. Manuscripts vs. Print Editions • Manuscripts = “written by hand” (ancient or modern) • Copying introduces differences (intentional or accidental) • Many small differences in spelling, grammar, word choice • Some large differences in content, placement, omission of whole books! • Printing invented in 1540’s (Gutenberg Bible) – standardization • We have no original MSS, only “copies of copies” • First MSS written long after events; surviving copies even later • Oldest HB texts before 1940’s: "Masoretic text" (9th -10th CE) • HB books in DSS (discovered 1940’s): written in/before 1st Cent. CE • Oldest NT texts: a few fragments from 2nd -3rd Cent. CE • Whole NT Manuscripts from 4th - 5th Cent. CE • “Textual Criticism” tries to determine best/original readings

  32. Why So Many Translations? • No original manuscript of any biblical book has survived! • Extant manuscripts contain numerous textual variations! • Important old manuscripts were found in last 200 years! • Meanings of some biblical texts are unknown/uncertain! • Ancient languages are very different from modern ones! • Every "translation" is already an "interpretation"! • All living languages continually change & develop over time! • Cultural developments require new sensitivities in language! • (See English Translations for more detail)

  33. Two Main Types of Translation • “Formal Correspondence” Translations • Preserve original wording & word-order of Hebrew & Greek  • Require explanations (footnotes) to avoid misinterpretations • Good for in-depth academic study of the Bible • Difficult to understand when heard or read aloud • Ex: Douay-Rheims, KJV/NKJV, RSV/NRSV, NAB, NIV • “Dynamic Equivalence” Translations • Focus on meaning & ideas, not “word for word” translation • better for public proclamation or liturgical use • Ex: NEB/REB, TEV/CEV, JB/NJB

  34. Alternative Versions • “Biblical Paraphrases” • Not accurate translations  (don’t even claim to be) • Often intended for children or teenagers • Condense and/or omit much of the biblical material • Freely change the wording of the original texts • “Amplified Bible” • “Amplifies” the text, adding many extra words & phrases to explain the meaning (but whose opinion?) • Avoid either of these for Bible Study purposes

  35. Which Is the Best Translation? • Over 500 different translations in English today! • More and more produced each decade • No “Perfect” or “Best” Translation Exists! • But some are better than others, for various purposes • More Recent Ones are Usually Better: • Based on best/oldest manuscripts discovered in past 50-150 years • New insights from biblical scholarship • So avoid KJV or Douay-Rheims ! • Which translation do you have?

  36. Translations vs. Editions? • Bible Translation (or Version) • An interpretation of the meaning of the Bible from its original languages into another (modern) language • Ex: King James Version (KJV), New English Bible (NEB), New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), Jerusalem Bible (JB), New American Bible (NAB), etc. • Reader’s Edition – translation printed w/ little extra material • Study Edition or Study Bible • Printing of a certain translation by a particular publisher, with added introductions, study helps, commentary, references, etc. • Ex: “The Catholic Study Bible: New American Bible”; “New Oxford Annotated Bible: NRSV with the Apocrypha”

  37. What’s the Point? • What Is the Bible? That’s a complex question! • Whose Bible? Different versions (Jewish, Prot, Cath) • Different contents, based on different manuscripts. • Different translations, due to many factors. • Not All Bibles Are Equal ! • Newer translations are often better than older ones. • Study editions provide helpful tools for learning. • Which Bible should you use for LEMP? • Your choice; there’s no “best” or “required” version. • But a “Catholic edition” or “…with Apocrypha”

  38. Resources for Biblical Study • See the Basic Bibliography (handout or online) for details • Study Bibles (with good intros, notes, maps, etc.) • Bible Dictionaries (alphabetical order of entries) • Bible Commentaries (canonical order of books) • Bible Atlases • Bible Concordances • Other Resources

  39. Use of Bible in Liturgy & Prayer • Lectionary Readings: • Catholic: Lectionary for Mass • Protestant: Revised Common Lectionary • See the Roman Catholic Lectionary website • Personal Prayer & Study: • Lectio Divina • Reading the Bible Daily • Small Group Bible Study

  40. Book Names & Abbreviations Ex vs. Ez vs. Ezr Hb vs. Heb Jon vs. Jn Phil vs. Phlm Ti vs. Tim Jn 1 vs. 1 Jn 1 Cor vs. Cor 1 ? Chapter & Verse Numbers John 9:12 John 9, 12 John 9:1, 12 John 9:1-12 John 9:1; 12:36 John 9:1-12, 36 John 9:1—12:36 Biblical References: Caution!

  41. Closing Prayer • See Gray Handout • Song: “Open My Eyes, Lord”

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