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A Quick Tour of the Cell

A Quick Tour of the Cell. What is the benefit of cells being so small? Why don’t just keep growing?. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes No Nucleus Few internal structures. Unicellular (single-celled) organisms .

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A Quick Tour of the Cell

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  1. A Quick Tour of the Cell

  2. What is the benefit of cells being so small? Why don’t just keep growing?

  3. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • No Nucleus • Few internal structures • Unicellular (single-celled) organisms

  4. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells • Can be divided into two domains: • Bacteria • Three Shapes • Bacillus (rod) • Coccus (spherical) • Spirilla (spiral) • Archaea • Live in extreme habitats. • Example: Hot Springs

  5. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Eukaryotic • Found in Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. • Multicellular (many-celled) organisms • Contain membrane-bounded nucleus. • Contain specialized organelles. • Contain plasma membrane (lipid bi-layered). • Some have cell walls (plants).

  6. Unicellular or Multicellular In multicellular organisms, cells throughout the organism can develop in different way to perform different tasks. This is called cell specialization(ex. red blood cells, muscle cells, stomata, etc.)

  7. The Cell Theory • In 1665, Robert Hooke, using a microscope observed compartments in cork and named them cells. • By 1700, Dutch scientist, Anton Leeuwenhoek developed simple light microscopes to observe tiny living organisms. • In 1855, Rudolph Virchow - Proposed that all cells come from existing cells, completing the cell theory.

  8. The Cell Theory • The Cell Theory states: • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  9. An Overview of Plant and Animal Cells • Each part of the cell with a specific job to do is called an organelle • Both plant and animal cells have a thin outer covering, called the cell/plasma membrane, which defines the boundary of the cell and regulates traffic between the cell and its surroundings.

  10. An Overview of Plant and Animal Cells • Plant and animal cells also have a nucleus, which houses the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA • The entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm which consists of various organelles suspended in fluid.

  11. An Overview of Plant and Animal Cells • Many of these organelles are enclosed by their own membrane • These membranes help maintain chemical environments inside the organelles that are different from the environment of the rest of the cell.

  12. 2 cell structures present in plant but not animal cells are

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