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DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION PROCESS OF TRANSLATING. DEFINITION AND PROCESS. DEFINITION Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). (Catford, 1965)
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DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION PROCESS OF TRANSLATING
DEFINITION AND PROCESS DEFINITION Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). (Catford, 1965) Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. (Newmark, 1988: 5)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context.(Larson, 1984: 3)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS PROCESS OF TRANSLATING ORIGINAL TEXT (source language) ANALYZING DRAFTING TRANSLATION TEXT (target language) REVISING FINALIZING
DEFINITION AND PROCESS MAIN PURPOSES OF ANALYZING Understanding what it is about (by reading) Learning the readership (age, education, gender) Learning the stylistic scale (degree of language)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS Stylistic Scale (Degree of Formality) Official Formal Neutral Informal Colloquialism Slang Taboo (Newmark, 1988)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS Official The consumption of any nutriment is categorically prohibited in this establishment Formal You are requested not to consume food in this establishment Neutral Eating is not allowed here
DEFINITION AND PROCESS Informal Please don’t eat here Colloquialism You can’t feed your face here Slang Lay off the nosh Taboo Lay off the fucking nosh
DEFINITION AND PROCESS STYLISTIC SCALE and TRANSLATION Degree of Formality source language (original text) target language (translation text) Official Formal Neutral Informal Colloquialism Slang Taboo Official Formal Neutral Informal Colloquialism Slang Taboo
DEFINITION AND PROCESS THE APPROACHES TO ANALYZING (how do we start translating) (Newmark, 1988: 21) You start translating sentence by sentence, for say the first paragraph or chapter, to get the feel and the tone of the text, and then you deliberately sit back, review the position, and read the rest of the SL text. (when you trust your intuition) You read the whole text two or three times, and find the intention, register, tone, mark the difficult words and passages and start translating only when you have taken your bearings. (when you trust your power of analysis)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS Time Management ANALYZING DRAFTING REVISING FINALIZING 10 PERCENT 40 PERCENTS 40 PERCENTS 10 PERCENT Understanding & identifying general reproduction accuracy naturalness