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Australian History Unit. Overview. Discovery of Australia. Willem Jansz , a Dutchman who sailed around part of the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606 Dutch sailors called it “New Holland” Dirk Hartog , 1616 and Abel Tasman in 1642 and 1644
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Australian History Unit Overview
Discovery of Australia • Willem Jansz, a Dutchman who sailed around part of the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606 • Dutch sailors called it “New Holland” • DirkHartog, 1616 and Abel Tasman in 1642 and 1644 • James Cook, an Englishman, the first to sail along the eastern coast of Australian in 1770
Terra Nullius • Latin term, meaning “land belonging to no one.” • How did this help the British to colonise Australia? • Why did Britain decide to colonise Australia?
The First Fleet • 1786 – British government named Captain Arthur Phillip as the governor of the new colony in Australia. • His job was to organise the First Fleet. • The journey from England to Australia took 8 months by ship • 18 January 1788 - The First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay on.
“The people were healthy when landed, but scurvy has…appeared amongst them, and now rages in a most extraordinary manner.” Governor Phillip, May 1788 • What do you think the Europeans’ first impressions of Australia would have been?
Convict Life • Large numbers of convicts (criminals) in Britain at the time due to: • Changing society • Lack of work • No real police force • Alcohol and gambling In the 1700s, people could be hanged for picking pockets, stealing horses and shoplifting.
Gold Rush • Gipps, the governor in 1844, told a man who had discovered gold to “Put it away, Mr Clarke, or we shall all have our throats cut.” • Why didn’t the government want people to know about the discovery of gold?
Governor La Trobe said: • “Within the last 3 weeks, the towns of Melbourne and Geelong and their large suburbs have been almost emptied of the classes of their male inhabitants… • Cottages are deserted, houses are let, business is at a stand-still, and even schools are closed. In some suburbs, not a man is left.” • Where have they all gone?
Eureka Rebellion • 1854 – growing anger on the Ballarat goldfields • Good was running out • Food and living costs were high • Licence fees were expensive • Diggers felt they did not have a say in government decisions
The rebellion was led by Peter Lalor, James McGill and Frederick Vern • 3 December 1854 – Police launched a surprise attack on the stockade • 22 diggers were killed, some injured and 100 were locked up – the leaders were charged with treason.
Federation • Federation means the joining together of the colonies to form a nation – the Commonwealth of Australia
At the end of the 1800s, Australia was divided into six separate colonies instead of being one nation. • But people had been talking for years about whether Australia should be one nation. • In the 1890s a series of meetings (“conventions” or “conferences”) was held to discuss federation of the colonies. • The Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed on 1 January 1901 at a ceremony at Centennial Park in Sydney.