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PRESENTATION OF THE DEFINITION OF TERMS BY ALEX EARNEST HALL. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY RELATIONS MAJOR ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY ABG DEFINITIONS AGRI-COMPUTER 199. Vertical Integration. Describes a style of ownership and control. It is used to describe a trend in the agriculture industry.
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ANDFAMILY RELATIONS MAJORALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITYABG DEFINITIONSAGRI-COMPUTER 199
Vertical Integration • Describes a style of ownership and control. It is used to describe a trend in the agriculture industry. • The degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers.
PHYTOSANITARY • Pertaining to the health of plants, and satisfaction of import regulations of the import government, indicating that the shipment has been inspected and is free from harmful pest and plant diseases.
BT (Bacillus Thuringiensis) • Bacterium species. It contains a protein which kills insects. • The gene for that protein has been incorporated into some crops, so that insects are killed.
Allergens • Substances that cause an allergic response, many cause a runny nose, watery, itchy eyes, rash, or wheezing. • Present in saliva, urine or warm blooded animals.
Enzymes • Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. • Enzymes can be affected by other molecules. • Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors.
Hybrids • The offspring of two different species, or of two defferent genera. • Hybrid is crosses between populations or cultivars of a single species.
Plant Breeding • Manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. • It is used by governmental institutions.
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Genes • Genes are composed of DNA and are carried on the chromosomes. • Genes contain the instructions for the production of proteins, which make up the structure of cells and direct their activities.
Residue • Cleaning chemicalsor soil left in carpet after the cleaning process. • Anything left behind by a reaction or event. • Toxic material left over.
Cloning • DNA Technology to produce multiple exact copies of a single gene or other segment. • Same copy of DNA.
Transgenic Crops • Crop into which genetic material from another organism has been experimentally transferred
Pathogens • A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. • The term is most often used for agents that disrupt the normal physiology of a multi-cellular animal or plant.
Lagoons • Lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature.
Bovine Growth Hormone • Hormone protein that occurs naturally in the pituitary gland of cattle. • Regulates growth and milk production. • Produce artificially genetic engineering techniques and administers cows.
Spray Fields • Crops and pasture fields fertilized and irrigated by the nutrient-rich liquid or mixtures of liquids and manure solids from liquid manure storage structures
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency • A part of the United States federal government that enforces environmental laws and provides information and guidance to policy makers.
Feedlots • Confined areas where livestock are quartered and fed. • A plot of ground on which livestock are fattened for market.
Confined Animal Feeding Operations • A CAFO is an animal feeding operation that meets or exceeds specified criteria. • Confined areas where livestock are quartered and fed.
Tariffs • Taxes that affect the movement of goods across economic or political boundaries and can also affect imports, exports or goods in transit
WTOWorld Trade Organization An international organization that regulates trade and tariffs between nations in order to ensure that trade flows smoothly. The World Trade Organization consists of 123 countries.
Dumping • Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value. • They are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third country markets, or at less than production cost.
Irradiation • The process of bombarding a gemstone with X-ray, gamma rays or streams of subatomic particles in order to change the stone’s color.
Chemical Fumigants • Chemical compound used in its gaseous state as a pesticide or disinfectant.
Salmonella • The gastrointestinal tracts of animals man with bacteria • A type of bacteria that causes food poisoning and is commonly found in meat and animal waste.
Listeria • Species associated with infection. • Gram positive bacterium named for Joseph Lister. • Listeria is a pathogenic.
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