Global Warming, Climate Change and its Mitigation

1. Global Warming, Climate Change and its Mitigation By I.N. Jha Managing Director Institute of Environment & Eco-Development Ground Floor, Shyam Nagar Colony, Maurya Path, Bailey Road, Patna – 800014 (Bihar) INDIA Phone : 0612- 3268487 Mob. 9934296447, website – http://www.ieedindia.org, email – ieedindia@yahoo.co.in

2. Bihar : At a glance

3. Global Warming : A Brief • One slogan in Sanskrit from ancient culture and civilization:- Kshiti, Jal, Pawak, Gagan and Samira PanchRachitYehAdhamSarira • Tradition to worship water, Fire, Earth, Air, Tree and River. • Global warming can disrupt delicate ecological balances. • A rise of more than 20C will be looking at dangerous Climate Change Impacts which will pose a serious question of survival for the fragile ecosystems and humanity.

5. Effects of Global Warming : • Accumulation of toxic gases prevents sunrays from getting reflected back by the earth and absorb the heat of solar rays which results in warming up the atmosphere. • Warming of atmosphere induces melting of polar ice caps and glaciers and raises the sea level. • It also depletes the protective Ozone layer in the atmosphere above the earth’s surface allowing the harsh ultraviolet rays of sun penetrate the earth surface.

6. Causes of Global Warming : - • Over population • Over urbanization leading to • deforestation • Use of nitrogenous fertilizers • emitting NO2 • Biomass burning • Over exploitation of forests • Industrial gases used for fire • fighting, refrigeration and air • conditioning • CO2 and NO2 are emitted by • industries and road transport • and thermal power generation that • burn fossil fuel

7. Green House Gas Emission : -

8. Impact of Global Warming :

9. Climate Change : A Brief • Change in Climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alter the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to the natural variability observed over comparable time periods. Agriculture Sanitation, Health & Hygiene

10. Impact of Climate Change : Bihar • There are Two Extremes: • 1. Flood and 2. Draught • 1. Flood:-Bihar is facing disastrous continue floods in 2004, 2007 and 2008. • Impact of Floods on :- • Displacement of more than two million people in every years. • Approx 14 lacs people lost their home • Approx 66% population of this locality migrated in different locations of the country. • About 1500 villages has damaged. • Kosi River has shifted 160 kms from east to west. They Lost:- • 1 Agriculture • 2. Human Settlement • 3.Economy • 4. Safe drinking Water • 5. Forestry • 6. Health and Hygiene

11. Impact of Climate Change : Bihar

12. Impact of Climate Change : Bihar

13. Impact of Climate Change : Bihar • 2. Draught :- Bihar is on the verge of a famine for the second consecutive years ( 2009-2010) owing to scarce rainfall in 32 out of 38 districts. Paddy output is likely to be the worst hit with less than half of the targeted area cultivated so far. • More than 60% of Bihar reeling under drought-hit – “Natural Calamity Hit”. Declares. • Cracks have developed in the land and only rain god save us. • Paddy seeds would become dry if it do not rain soon. • Farmers are praying for rain to save our livelihood.

14. Impact of Climate Change : Bihar • Rainfall: 331 mm ( 1 June to 6 August 2010) • Normal Rainfall : 568.5 mm • Deficiency of Rainfall : 42% • Paddy, Targeted of paddy plantation : 87,722,41 acres. • Paddy could be planted in only : 38,22,968 acres. • This resulted in decline in paddy transplantation : 58% • Pulse, • Another major crop in the state, • Targeted :3,08,881 acres of land • Could be planted : 1,41,156 acres • Decline : 55% • Oil Seed, • Targeted : 48,421 acres • Could be planted : 14,287 acres. • Decline : 71%

15. Impact of Climate Change : Water Scarcity Bihar Climate change is projected to decrease water availability in many arid- and semi-arid regions Population facing water scarcity will more than double over the next 30 years Impact of Climate Change : Arsenic Contamination Bihar One third of the world’s population is now subject to water scarcity

16. IEED Initiative : With UNESCO, New Delhi, India CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT • Mass Awareness • Organized a 3 days( 16-18 September 2009 ) Workshop with support of UNESCO on On 16,17 and 18 November, 2009 INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT & ECO-DEVELOPMENT State Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Patna, Bihar • The objective of the UNESCO-WHO programme- to create a Healthy interrelationship between people and the environment in the context of climate change. • Health is defined as the complete state of physical, mental and social well being and not just the absence of disease.

17. Achievements from UNESCO – WHO Workshop • Capacity Building and Orientation: 40 Members from Government Department, NGO/CBO, Club members, Researchers and Students. • Mobilization: • Focus on greenhouse gas emissions and how to reduce them. • Initiatives to promote low carbon • economies and life-styles, such as • improved energy efficiency, alternative • energy sources, forest conservation and • eco-friendly consumption. • Ddeveloped a understanding and • awareness about the consequences of • climate change. • Created awareness about appropriate • mitigation and adaptation measures to • arrest climate change. • Promoted collaborative actions of non- • governmental organizations to handle the • climate change impacts.

18. Ministry of Environment & Forests – IEED Workshop on 29-30 December 2009 CLIMATE CHANGE & ITS MITIGATION • Capacity Building and Orientation: 60 Eco-Club Teachers and Head Masters from different schools in bihar. • Mobilization: • Focus on greenhouse gas emissions and how to reduce them. • Initiatives to promote low • carbon economies and life- • styles, such as • improved energy efficiency, • alternative energy sources, • forest conservation and • eco-friendly consumption. • Ddeveloped a understanding • and awareness about the • consequences of climate • change. • Promoted collaborative actions • from organizations to handle • the climate change impacts.

19. LaBL Campaign : Lighting a Billion Lives • An initiative of TERI, New Delhi By Dr. R. K. Pachauri & IEED, Patna, Partner organization sponsored by MNRE, New Delhi to meet the challenges of sustainable Livelihood through clean & renewable alternative energy in Bihar & Jharkhand. • Covered 1600 HH in 15 districts by 31 entrepreneurs. • Dispatching Kerosene oil 93,600 Liters/ year aprrox and saving Rs.14,88,000/ year. • Reducing Green gases and its effect in rural areas. • Output : • Livelihood Opportunity : Green Job Opportunity by establishing Solar Charging Station. • Clean Lighting : Smoke free indoor light. • Health : Solar lantern provide clean source of light reducing various diseases caused from kerosene lamps in rural areas. • Education : Longer study hours at night for children particularly girls, who are busy during the day with household activities. • Saving of Kerosene Oil : Average 2500-3000 Liters of Kerosene oil saved per year with One Solar Charging Station. • Safety & Security : Safe & secure due to inflammable.

20. LaBL : Lighting a Billion Lives ( Case study)

21. Impact of Climate Change : Biodiversity of Dolphin in Bihar Workshop on “Conservation of Dolphin” on 4th November 2009, . KMVKS- IEED, Patna Participants: - There were 29 participated from different government and Non-government organizations from the state of Bihar. Objective: - Awareness to stop the deliberate killing of dolphins for commercial and so-called 'scientific' purposes as well as stopping the unnecessary deaths of Dolphin from man-made threats such as pollution or entanglement in fishing nets. Coverage:-The workshop covered a broad perspective of taking necessary steps for “Conservation of Dolphin” Focus: - The focus of the workshop was to develop understanding and awareness about the consequences of climate change and Human causes, which is being reason Death of Dolphin .

22. A Need for Healthy Earth & Healthy Environment

23. Thank You