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Baroque Musical Masterpieces - Telemann and Bach

Explore the innovative compositions of Georg Philipp Telemann and the Baroque genius Johann Sebastian Bach. Discover the unique characteristics of Baroque music and the impact of contrapuntal techniques. Dive into the intricate details of Bach's sacred cantatas and the virtuoso performances of the trumpet concerto. Unravel the musical journey of two Baroque legends.

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Baroque Musical Masterpieces - Telemann and Bach

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  1. Music AppreciationMUSI 115 Class #3 The Baroque, part 2 CD #1, Tracks 9 and 10

  2. Georg Philipp Telemann 1681-1767

  3. Biographical facts • Self-taught • Perhaps the most prolific* composer of all • More respected than Bach at the time • Innovative composer • Concerti* for unusual combinations of insturments

  4. TVW numbers • Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis*

  5. Trumpet Concerto, CD #1, Track 9 • Listen for… • Rhythm* is steady and predictable • Virtuoso* soloists • Extended breath phrases • Mordents* and trills*

  6. Period Instruments -- Baroque Trumpet

  7. Limitations and Advantages • Only 12 notes • Difficult to play in tune • Difficult to play consistently • Warm, rich sound

  8. Modern Trumpet (B-flat trumpet)

  9. Limitations and Advantages • Over two octave* range • Precise intonation* • Fairly easy to learn • Harsh, thin sound

  10. Johann Sebastian Bach Baroque Master

  11. Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685-1750

  12. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) • German Composer, Organist, Educator • Culminating figure of the Baroque style • Career in Northern Germany • Musical family • Organist and composer • Devout Lutheran • Secular and church patrons during career

  13. Personality • 20 children! • Only five major appointments. • Musical goals and objectives? • Work ethic.

  14. JS Bach Society Web Sites • http://www.jsbach.org/ • http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxjsbach.html

  15. Examples of Contrapuntal* Music • Little Fugue in G minor* • Mühlausen • 31 years old • Pietist

  16. Basic Theme

  17. The Fugue and Its Devices • Fuga • Contrapuntal, based on imitation • Subject unifies the work • Choral or instrumental • Melodic lines are referred to as voices

  18. Contrapuntal* devices • Inversion* • Retrograde* • Augmentation* • Diminution* • Combinations

  19. Jail! • Much-desired position of Kapellmeister* in Weimar • Coffeehouse crowd • Subordination

  20. Well-Tempered Clavier*, Books 1&2 • Intended as only instructional and experimental pieces • Dedication • “for the use and profit of young musicians”

  21. The Well-Tempered Clavier*, Books 1 & 2 • New technique! • Equal temperament = tuning • Two pieces each in every new 24 Major and Minor keys • 24 X 2 = 48 per book • Glenn Gould

  22. Bach and the Sacred Cantata • Sacred cantatas • Composed for the Lutheran church • Multi-movement works • One unifying theme

  23. The Lutheran Chorale • Battle hymns of the Reformation • Early hymns: in unison • Later hymns: 4-part harmony, soprano melody • Unifying thread of the Protestant cantatas*

  24. Typical Work Week • Monday • Meeting with clergy • Tuesday • Composing, teaching • Wednesday • Church services 2-4 hours • Thursday • First rehearsal • Friday • Editing, rehearsing • Saturday • Final dress rehearsal • Sunday • 6-8 hours in church

  25. Typical Sunday Services • 7 AM • Motet*, hymns*, organ solo. • 8 AM • Cantata* and/or Chorale* • 9 AM • Sermon, at least one hour • 10 AM – 12 Noon • Cantata* and/or Chorale*, Communion*

  26. Weekday Services • Daily Church • 6 AM • Hospitals • Jails • Funerals • Special events

  27. Additional Duties • Church • Teaching • 9 AM – Noon • Latin, singing, composition • University collegiummusicum*

  28. Sacred Vocal Music • Over 200 church cantatas* • Four Passions* • One Catholic Mass • Why?

  29. Bach’s Cantatas * • Typically have 5–8 movements • Many movements based on chorale* tune • Several choral* numbers • Solos recitatives * arias *

  30. EinFeste Burg* A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing;Our helper He, amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing:For still our ancient foe doth seek to work us woe;His craft and power are great, and, armed with cruel hate,On earth is not his equal.

  31. Martin Luther* A Mighty Fortress Is Our God*

  32. Cantata No. 80, A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, No. 8

  33. Bach: Chorale prelude on A Mighty Fortress Is Our God* • Composed 140-plus organ chorales* • Organ with three keyboards and a pedal keyboard • Based on chorale tune Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott • Varied texture

  34. J. S. Bach and the Late Baroque Concerto* • Cöthen period (1717–23) • Instrumental chamber works • Margrave Christian of Brandenburg*

  35. But first…. • Why was Bach in Berlin?

  36. Brandenburg Concertos* 1721, BWV 1046–1051 Three movements each: • I: Allegro, • ritornello form, contrapuntal • II: Andante, • Slower, quieter, continuous imitation • III: Allegroassai, • four-voiced fugue

  37. Brandenburg Concerto* #1 • 1st Movement • 2nd Movement • 3rd Movement

  38. Cello Suite* #1 • Yo-Yo Ma playing the Prelude (MTV-ish) • Yo-Yo Ma playing the Sarabande

  39. The Goldberg Variations*, 1741, BWV 988 • 30 variations • Harpsichord • Count Kaiserling • Johann Gottlieb Goldberg You know how I feel about Wikipedia, but….

  40. Contrapuntal Master • Musical Offering* (1747) • 'Gentlemen, old Bach is here' • The Art of Fugue * • Incomplete • Encyclopedia of counterpoint • Methodical predictability

  41. Air On The G String* • CD #1, track 10 • Air* = aria* or song • Played on one string only, the last (or G) string

  42. Transpositions • German violinist August Wilhelmj (1845 – 1908) • Almost every instrument and vocalist • Julian Lloyd Webber with piano

  43. Listen for… • Steady, predictable rhythm* • Sustained melody* • Intertwining voices between the string and keyboard

  44. BWV Numbers* • Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis • Bach – Works – Numbers • Wolfgang Schmieder (1901-1990) • Genre listing • Choral • Organ • Other keyboard

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