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Cells

Cells. PROKARYOTES. vs. EUKARYOTES. Biology Section 7.3. All cells contain organelles BUT not all organelles are surrounded by membranes. Prokaryotes – do not contain any organelles with membranes. Most of these are unicellular like bacteria.

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Cells

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  1. Cells

  2. PROKARYOTES vs EUKARYOTES Biology Section 7.3

  3. All cells contain organelles BUT not all organelles are surrounded by membranes Prokaryotes – do not contain any organelles with membranes Most of these are unicellular like bacteria

  4. Eukaryotic cells – contain membrane-bound organelles Most of these are multicellular Because organelles have distinct compartments, chemical reactions can be carried out at the same time in different organelles.

  5. Right: Colorized micrograph of a prokaryotic cell of the bacterium. Left: Colorized micrograph of a eukaryotic cell of the green algae.

  6. Eukaryotic cells are generally 100x larger than prokaryotic cells. Comparison of size

  7. Let's take a closer look at cell structure and function in Eukaryotic cells

  8. First: Cell Boundaries Plasma (Cell) Membrane Definition: Flexible boundary of cell Function: Allows water, and nutrients to enter and waste to leave (selectively permeable) Location: Between cell and environment

  9. Cell Wall Definition: Inflexible barrier in plant cells Function: Support and protection to plant cells, fungi, bacteria Location: Outside the plasma (cell) membrane

  10. Next: Cell Control Definition: Organelle that manages all cell functions, contains DNA Nucleus Function: Controls the activity of the organelles Location: Found inside cell surrounded by cytoplasm

  11. Chromatin Definition: Strands of genetic material (DNA and proteins) Function: information center, condenses into chromosomes Location: Found in nucleus

  12. Nucleolus Definition: Organelle that produces ribosomes Function: Makes ribosomes Location: Nucleus

  13. Definition: made of RNA and protein, smallest organelle Ribosomes Function: Site where the cell makes proteins Location: In the cytoplasm

  14. Nuclear Envelope Definition: Double membrane around the nucleus Function: Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm; porous- lets things in and out Location:Around the nucleus

  15. Next: Assembly in the cell

  16. Cytoplasm Definition: Clear, gel-like fluid inside a cell Function: Suspends organelles, the site of chemical reactions Location: Inside the cell

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition: Series of folded membranes Function: Site of cellular chemical reactions, transports materials through out cell Location: Found in cytoplasm

  18. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum- rough and smooth. Rough ERDefinition: ER that has ribosomes attached to the surface Function: where proteins are made. Smooth ER Definition: no ribosomes attached, surface is smooth Function: Production and storage of lipids

  19. Golgi Apparatus Definition: Flattened stack of membranes Function: Sorts and packs proteins then sends them through out cell Location:In the cytoplasm

  20. Vacuoles Definition: Membrane-bound compartments Function: Storage for food, water, enzymes, and waste Location: Usually in plant cells

  21. Lysosomes Definition: Organelle that contains digestive enzymes Location: In the cytoplasm Function: Digest old organelles, food particles, viruses or bacteria

  22. Lysosomes Ever wondered how a tadpole gets rid of its tail and grows legs?? It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

  23. Next: Energy Transformers Chloroplasts Definition: Organelle where photosynthesis occurs Function: Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy Location: Found in plant cells

  24. Mitochondria Definition: Organelle where cellular respiration occurs Function: Turns food into energy (ATP) for the cell Location: In the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells

  25. Support and Locomotion Cytoskeleton Definition: Network of tiny rods and filaments Function: Maintains the shape and supports the cell Location: In the cytoplasm

  26. Centrioles Definition: Organelle that aids in cell division Function: Helps cells divide Location: In the cytoplasm

  27. Cilia Definition: Short hair-like projections Function: Locomotion and feeding Location: Outside the cell

  28. Flagella Definition: Long tail-like projection that move like a whip Function: Movement Location: Outside the cell

  29. Organization CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganisms

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