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Communication

Communication. The process of the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium (channel) which results in shared feedback. Channels of Communication. FORMAL CHANNELS Downward Communication Upward Communication INFORMAL CHANNELS Horizontal Communication

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Communication

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  1. Communication The process of the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium (channel) which results in shared feedback.

  2. Channels of Communication FORMAL CHANNELS • Downward Communication • Upward Communication INFORMAL CHANNELS • Horizontal Communication • “Management by Walking Around” • Grapevine

  3. Communication Management • Conceptual Skill--Ability to solve problems and demonstrate decision-making skills • Technical Skill--Ability to demonstrate knowledge through tactile techniques • Human Skill--Ability to interact with people

  4. Corporate Culture Myths • Myth One: Corporate Culture is a homogeneous organizational characteristic • Myth Two: All members of the organization share the same values, beliefs, and traditions • Myth Three: The leaders of the organization have the ability to shape the corporate culture • Myth Four: All organizations should strive for one culture

  5. Culture vs. Climate • Culture is defined as the values and beliefs shared by the members of a society; a set of shared assumptions and understandings about organizational functionings (the ‘why do things happen the way they do’) • Climate refers to the ways organizations operationalize the themes that pervade everyday behavior--the routines of organizations and the behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and expected by organizations (the ‘what happens around here’)

  6. Communication Networks • Chain Network--Traditional organizational structure (Layered) • Wheel Network--Very centralized, autocratic • Circle Network--Participative organization • Star Network--Laissez-faire “free rein” organization

  7. Ethics • Guidelines which help to identify what is right and what is wrong behavior. • Acting responsibly for the common good • Telling the truth • Avoiding misleading others • Sharing vital information

  8. Five Steps in the Communication Process • The sender has an idea (encoding) • The message is planned, organized, and sent • The message (type) is sent through a channel (medium) • The receiver reacts to the message (decoding) • Effective communication results in shared feedback

  9. Communication Signals • Sign language: All symbols • Action Language: Kinesics, gestures • Object Language: Intentional and unintentional displays The meaning may be construed in many ways by the sender and receiver. Ex: the sign of victory, the “ok” sign, the words “sorry, torch, buns,” the biggest rock.

  10. Words, Words, Words • Idioms: Pet expressions, jargon • Euphemisms • Offensive, sexist language • Biased language • Stereotyped language • Illiterate language • Formal language • Colloquial language • “Ese, Ize” language • Redundant language • Cliche’

  11. The written message • Writing style • Format • Message (Purpose--Why) • Audience (Who) • Content (What) • Timeliness (When) • Medium (How) • Tone

  12. A Brave New World of Words • Twenty-five percent of words added to the dictionary in 1998 were computer -generated • A normal adult uses 20,000 words regularly • The English language contains a million words--give or take. • The ten most looked up words on Webster web site were (in order): paradigm, love, thesaurus, ubiquitous, HTML, effect, gry, affect, home, dog

  13. Sample of 100 Words Added in 1998 • Action figure day job • adrenalized euro • apoptosis F/X • bloviate gazillion • bottom-feeder newbie • buffalo wing ramen • cellaphone noodle trash talk • chat room yuppie flu • comfort food netiquette

  14. And the infamous word in 1998 • Is-- • The Starr Report: “salacious” • “Censure” was the most looked up word on 12/10/98

  15. And if you were afraid to ask: • Gry is a measure equal to one-tenth of a line. • Only two words in the English language end in “gry”--hungry and angry • And to be honest, the word gry is outdated/obsolete and no longer used by ordinary people!

  16. And more on words... • The word with the most definitions is “set” • The 50 most frequently used words in English account for 45 percent of the total volume of words used. • In a recent study conducted OC Register (12/22/98) college students were asked the meaning of a few words added to Webster’s dictionary such as:

  17. The Words…. • Ramen • Bloviate • Frisee • Gopik • Kroon • Meme • Stotin

  18. Let’s see how you fared! • Bloviate: • to speak or write verbosely or windily • Frisee: • curly chicory leaves, used in a salad, also called frisee lettuce • Gopik: • a kind of money, from Russia and Azerbaijan • Kroon: • a kind of money, Estonia • Meme: • an idea or behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture • Stotin: • A money, from Slovenia

  19. And Today our Language is... • Less Formal and Eloquent • More Comprehensible and Concise • A communication revolution has taken place in the last 100 years. • Language is more technical and specialized; therefore, the English common core language has increased from 65,000 words to over 160,000 words

  20. The C’s of Writing • Completeness--Providing all the info needed to promote effective communication • Conciseness--Providing all the info in a clear, brief manner • Courteousness--The tone of the message (empathy with the reader) • Clarity--Delivering the message in the manner intended. • Considerately--Using language the reader will understand • Correctness--The facts, spelling, grammar, and essential details add to the sender’s credibility.

  21. The two-fold process • Build or create goodwill • Get the desired response

  22. Stereotyping vs. Ethnocentrism • Stereotyping: Classifying a particular group of people in a like manner • Ethnocentrism: The belief that one’s culture is superior to other cultures

  23. The rule of 12 • People are judged when they are 12 feet away based on overall appearance • People are judged when they are 12 inches away based on body grooming and scent • People are judged by the first 12 words they speak

  24. Nonverbal Communication • Eye contact • Proxemics • Greetings • Colors and dress • Status • Gender Differences • Time attitudes • Decision-making • Food and eating habits • Grooming

  25. Written/oral Differences • Business correspondence • Advertising • Regional accents • Word usage

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