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Kosice

Kosice. The ancient H ungarian city. Composition of the city. The city was made of two independent settlements: Lower Košice and Upper Košice The two parts merge d in the 13th century around the long lens-formed ring, of today's Main Street. International connections.

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Kosice

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  1. Kosice The ancientHungarian city

  2. Composition of the city • The city was made of two independent settlements: Lower Košice and Upper Košice • The twopartsmerged in the 13th century around the long lens-formed ring, of today's Main Street

  3. International connections • The strategic location of thefirstknowntownwason an international trade route from Hungary to Poland • Alongthe city a route passesbyconnecting the Balkans and the Adriatic and Aegean seas to the Baltic Sea.

  4. RudimentaryGuildregulation In 1307, the first guild regulations were registered here and were the oldest in theKingdom of Hungary

  5. Support • As a Hungarian free royal town, Košice reinforced the king's troops in the crucial moment of the bloody Battle of Rozgony in 1312 against the strong aristocratic Palatine Amadé Aba (family).

  6. The firstEuropean townto be granteditsowncoat of arms • In 1347, it became the secondcity in the hierarchy of the Hungarian free royal towns with the same rights as the capital Buda. • In 1369, it received its own coat of arms from Louis I of Hungary. • The originalcoat of armsfeaturedonlythered and silverstripesandthreefleur-de-lisina bluebackground.

  7. The Diet (Assembly) convened by Louis I in Košice decided that women could inherit the Hungarian thronein 1374.

  8. The largestmedieval city in Europe • Duringthereign of King Matthias Corvinusthe city reacheditsmedievalpopulationpeak. • Withan estimated 10,000 Hungarianinhabitants, itwasamongthelargestmedievalcitiesin Europe.

  9. Infrastructures • Therewerethreemanufacturers and 460 workshopsin 1828 . • The first telegram messagearrivedin 1856 • The railwayconnectedthe city to Miskolc, Hungary in 1860

  10. Monumentalmovements • In 1906, Francis II Rákóczi's house of RodostowasreproducedinKošice • Hisremainswereburiedinthe St. ElisabethCathedral.

  11. Puppetstate • On 29 December 1918, theCzechoslovakLegions entered the city, makingit part of thenewlyestablishedCzechoslovakia. • In1919, Košicewasoccupied again, as part of theSlovakSovietRepublic, a proletarianpuppetstate of Hungary. • The Czechoslovaktroopssecuredthe city inJuly 1919 whichwaslaterupheldundertheterms of theTreatyof Trianon in 1920.

  12. TRIANONtheHungarianproblem • No other country inrecenthistory has beenpunishedastheHungarianpeoplebythe unfair treaty of trianonin 1920. • After being onthelosingside of a war, ourhistoricalterritorywasdecimated. • The newTrianon borderswerenotdrawnalonglinguisticorethnicboundaries. • Todayover 520,500 ethnicHungariansarelivinginsouthernSlovakia.

  13. Jewishexcruciation • KošicewascededtoHungary bytheFirstViennaAward. • The townwasbombardedon 26 June1941,thatwas a welcomepretextfortheHungariangovernmenttodeclarewarontheSoviet Union. • The Germanoccupation of Hungary ledtothedeportation of Košice's entireJewishpopulation of 12,000 and an additional 2,000 fromsurroundingareasviacattlecarstotheconcentrationcamps.

  14. The temporarycapital • The townwascapturedbytheSovietsinJanuary1945 • Itbecamefor a shorttimethecapitalcity of therestoredCzechoslovakRepublicuntiltheSoviet Red ArmyreachedPrague

  15. AftertheCommunistPartyseizedpowerinCzechoslovakiain 1948 • Severalculturalinstitutionswerefounded • Largeresidentialareaswerebuiltinthe city, • Thisexpansioncausedthepopulationtogrow. • Beforethebreakup of Czechoslovakia (1993), itwasthefifthlargest city inthefederation.

  16. FollowingtheVelvetDivorce and creation of theSlovakRepublic • Košicebecamethesecondlargest city inthe country • The city is the seatof a constitutionalcourtwhich has beentheseat of theArchdioceseofKošice.

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