Italian, German, & Japanese Drives for Aggresion

1. Italian, German, & Japanese Drives for Aggresion Mr. Tran

2. WARM UP • What do you think will cause World War II to occur? List some reasons

3. WARM UP • Do you believe Hitler and Stalin will be on the same side during the Second World War? Why or why not?

4. WARM UP • Do you believe the United States will get involved in the Second World War? Why or why not?

5. CA Standard 10.8.1 • Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.

6. Objective • Students will be able to understand the Italian drive for empire through the construction of a Foldable

7. Student Engagement • Create a brochure foldable using construction paper. • Label the top of each page Japanese, German, & Italian (as the aggressor nations).

8. Increasing Power • After World War I, Italy, Japan, and Germany all sought to increase their might. • Italyand Germany still suffered the effects of the war, and Japan wanted to further the power it had gained during wartime. • By the 1930s, all three were led by military dictatorships in which the state held tremendous power and sought to expand that power by invading neighbor nations.

9. Italy • Leader: Benito Mussolini • Drive: Mussolini wanted to expand his empire and create a “New Roman Empire” of colonial land. Italy also needed natural resources. • Conquests: Ethiopia in 1935; Albania in 1939

10. Italy • Actions of Mussolini • October 3, 1935: Italy invaded Ethiopia without declaring war and claims it as a colony by occupation • Italy failed to claim Ethiopia as a colony before and wanted to redeem it's former glory (and reputation). [revenge]

11. Italy • Ethiopia’s spears and swords were no match for Italian tanks, planes and poison gas. • Ethiopia’s Emperor pleaded for the British to stop Italian ships using the Suez Canal for purposes of attacking his country. • The League of Nations ignored his request…

12. Germany • Leader: Adolf Hitler (Chancellor) • Drive: Hitler wanted to gain back former land lost in WWI. • Germany also needed natural resources and had extreme hatred fueled by Hitler and the Nazi Party. • Hitler wanted to bring Germany back to being an empire after being punished by World War I

13. Adolf Hitler • Actions • March 1936: Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland and conquers it • March 1938: Hitler annexes Austria • September 1939: Germany acquires the territory of Czechoslovakia through the Munich Agreement (with Britain & France) • Hitler pledges to respect Czechoslovakia’s new borders-six months later he conquers the entire country

14. Germany • • To the west, France and Britain, desiring peace at any cost, did not at first try to stop German aggression. • • To the east, Russia posed no threat after the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1939, in which Germany and Russia agreed never to attack one another.

15. Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 • August 23, 1939 • The Soviet Union and Germany sign a non-aggression pact • Both sides agree not to fight or go to war with each other • Several territories were divided among the two countries.

16. Hitler • Hitler demands the former German Port of Danzig from Poland-Poland refuses • Hitler invades Poland-September 1, 1939 (TRIGGERING WORLD WAR II)

17. On Facebook

18. Germany’s early expansion before 1939

19. In One Year’s Time

20. Japan • Leader: Emperor Hirohito & Various military leaders • Drive: Japan needed natural resources and more land because of their growing population (and new markets for their goods).

21. Japan • Actions • September 19, 1931: Japanese troops invaded Manchuria and continued a full scale invasion of China in 1937. • From December 1937 to March 1938, Japanese troops massacred an estimated 350,000 Chinese civilians in what became known as the Rape of Nanking. • • During the Japanese occupation, millions of Chinese were killed and tens of millions became homeless.

22. Japanese Expansion • The Military blamed the Japanese government for the 1929 economic depression. • Extreme Nationalists, who reported only to the emperor, the Military planned a Pacific Empire to solve their economic problems. • In 1931, Japan invades mineral rich Manchuria and sets up a puppet government. • Mainland China was invaded in 1937 and easily defeated Jiang Jieshi’s million man army.

23. Japan 1939

24. Japan vs. the United States • Japan’s main weakness was it’s lack of minerals and raw materials. • Prime Minister Tojo wanted Japan to be self sufficient in raw materials. • FDR would lift the United States’ embargo of scrap metal and oil if Japan left China. • Admiral Yamamotabegin’s secret plans to attack American navy base (Pearl Harbor).

25. Rape of Nanking Japan invades China • From December 1937 to March 1938, Japanese troops massacred an estimated 300,000 Chinese civilians

26. The Rape of Nanking1937-1938 • Genocidal War • Atrocities include: • Rape • Looting • Arson • Execution of POW and civilians

27. Nanking Massacre • Rape • 80,000 women, including infants, children, the elderly and the pregnant • Killed brutally • Murder • 1,000’s of presumed soldiers and civilians are taken • Machine gun fire, landmines, fire, beheading, drowning, disemboweled • Mass execution “Ten-Thousand Corpse Ditch” • Sport • Arson • Death toll • 300,000 – 800,000 • Unclear because of the secrecy of the event