LICEO DE APODACA Sofia martinez oranday “Electricity ” and its responsible consumption

1. LICEO DE APODACA Sofia martinezoranday “Electricity” and its responsible consumption Diciembre 18 del 2012 7 “B”

2. INDEX • What is electricity………………………….. 1 • How is a Transformad usted………………2 • Electricity types……………..………………..3 • WhoInvented Electricity………………………………4 • Things with electricity……………………….5 • Responsibleconsumption……………….. 6 • History of electricity………………………….7 • Famousinventors……………………….8

3. What is electricity? • Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity is the flow of electrons. All matter is made up of atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. • Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources.

4. How is a Transformad usted? • To solve the problem of sending electricity over long distances, George Westinghouse developed a device called a transformer. The transformer allowed electricity to be efficiently transmitted over long distances. This made it possible to supply electricity to homes and businesses located far from the electric generating plant. • Despite its great importance in our daily lives, most of us rarely stop to think what life would be like without electricity. Yet like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. Everyday, we use electricity to do many functions for us -- from lighting and heating/cooling our homes, to being the power source for televisions and computers. Electricity is a controllable and convenient form of energy used in the applications of heat, light and power. • Today, the United States (U.S.) electric power industry is organized to ensure that an adequate supply of electricity is available to meet all demand requirements at any given instant.

5. Electricity tipes • There are two types of Electricity, Static Electricity and Current Electricity. Static Electricity is made by rubbing together two or more objects and making friction while Current electricity is the flow of electric charge across an electrical field. • Static Electricity • Static electricity is when electrical charges build up on the surface of a material. It is usually caused by rubbing materials together. The result of a build-up of static electricity is that objects may be attracted to each other or may even cause a spark to jump from one to the other. For Example rub a baloon on a wool and hold it up to the wall. • Before rubbing, like all materials, the balloons and the wool sweater have a neutral charge. This is because they each have an equal number of positively charged subatomic particles (protons) and negatively charged subatomic particles (electrons). When you rub the balloon with the wool sweater, electrons are transferred from the wool to the rubber because of differences in the attraction of the two materials for electrons. The balloon becomes negatively charged because it gains electrons from the wool, and the wool becomes positively charged because it loses electrons. • Current Electricity • Current is the rate of flow of electrons. It is produced by moving electrons and it is measured in amperes. Unlike static electricity, current electricity must flow through a conductor, usually copper wire. Current with electricity is just like current when you think of a river. The river flows from one spot to another, and the speed it moves is the speed of the current. With electricity, current is a measure of the amount of energy transferred over a period of time. That energy is called a flow of electrons. One of the results of current is the heating of the conductor. When an electric stove heats up, it's because of the flow of current. • There are different sources of current electricity including the chemical reactions taking place in a battery. The most common source is the generator. A simple generator produces electricity when a coil of copper turns inside a magnetic field. In a power plant, electromagnets spinning inside many coils of copper wire generate vast quantities of current electricity. • There are two main kinds of electric current. Direct (DC) and Alternating (AC). It's easy to remember. Direct current is like the energy you get from a battery. Alternating current is like the plugs in the wall. The big difference between the two is that DC is a flow of energy while AC can turn on and off. AC reverses the direction of the electrons.

6. Whoinvented electricity • From the writings of Thales of Miletus it appears that Westerners knew as long ago as 600 B.C. that amber becomes charged by rubbing. There was little real progress until the English scientist William Gilbert in 1600 described the electrification of many substances and coined the term electricity from the Greek word for amber. As a result, Gilbert is called the father of modern electricity. In 1660 Otto von Guericke invented a crude machine for producing static electricity. It was a ball of sulfur, rotated by a crank with one hand and rubbed with the other. Successors, such as Francis Hauksbee, made improvements that provided experimenters with a ready source of static electricity. Today's highly developed descendant of these early machines is the Van de Graaf generator, which is sometimes used as a particle accelerator. Robert Boyle realized that attraction and repulsion were mutual and that electric force was transmitted through a vacuum. Stephen Gray distinguished between conductors and nonconductors. C. F. Du Fay recognized two kinds of electricity, which Benjamin Franklin and Ebenezer Kinnersley of Philadelphia later named positive and negative. • That is one of the inventor´s:

7. THINGS THAT WORK WITH ELECTRICITY • Electricity has a very large influence on our lives, but it is not well understood by many people. Electricity is used to power many of the things that we use every day. Below are some of the things that use electricity. • You probably do not have to think too hard to come up with some examples on your own, just look around you. Since electricity is so important to your life, you need to know something about it. This lesson will introduce you to some of the basic facts about electricity and electromagnetism. You will also learn a little about how electricity is used to find defects in critical parts before the parts break and cause problems. • The instrument above in the lower right is called an Eddy Current Scope and it uses little electrical currents called "eddy currents" to find defects in things like jet engine parts. In the career field of nondestructive testing or NDT, engineers and technicians use eddy current inspection to inspect a lot of different things and to make measurements. You will learn more about NDT in the following pages.

8. conclusion • The conclusion is that is important the electricity because it helps to have an adequate standard of living., and you can use it for many other things for example, to create an investigation in the computer, to Cook some things, in washer , and other´s important things so the electricity is very importantbecause it helps you to do many things.

9. Personal conclution • I made ​​my very good electricity and away much use especially for my computer or to charge any device, I believe that had it not perhaps possible electricity find a solution but right now I use it a lot and I think it is a good choice .