Military Mission Paper Presentation Summary

1. Military Mission Paper Presentation Summary Session Chair: LtCol Jon MacCartney, USMC U.S. Naval Safety Center

2. Military Airworthiness – Acceptable Level of Safety By Bob Wojcik; General Dynamics Canada • No Show • Intent: ID shortfall in Military airworthiness standards. • Failed to point out NavAir’s Airworthiness authority and standards • Recommendation: • Closer cooperation/liaison between civil and military airworthiness authorities.

3. Developing a New System Safety Standard for US Army Aviation By David West; Science Applications Int’l Corp • Intent: ID needed improvements in US Army System Safety • Focused on one standardized system safety program • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Standardized system provides improved workforce effectiveness and efficiency • Decreased Operating costs • Increased ability to share data, i.e. Hazard data

4. Crashworthy Design of Military Aircraft By Dr. Akif Bolukbasi; Boeing Company • Intent: ID crashworthy design criteria and its basis • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Provided guidelines to achieve the desired level of crashworthiness in a cost and weight effective manner. • Airframe protective shell to maintain livable volume • Adequate tie-down strength for occupants, cargo, and other heavy mass items • Non-injurious occupant acceleration environment • De-lethalized interior to eliminate occupant secondary strike hazards • Elimination or delay of post-crash fire • Adequate emergency escape and rescue provisions

5. Brownout Situational Awareness Upgrade Development & Integration: CH47D/UH-60A/L By Maj Charles Walls, USA; Aviation Applied Technology Directorate • Intent: Provide info on US Army BSAU system • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Technology tested/proven • Usable in civilian aircraft with minimal testing/integration • System provides cockpit reference information to allow landing in a brownout, whiteout, or salt spray environment • Note: One size does not fit all

6. The Use of Manned Flight Simulation and an Active Quiescent Ship Motion Monitor Better Define Shipboard Helicopter Deck Safety Limits By Dr. Bernard Ferrier; Anteon Corp LCDR G. Ouellete; USN • Intent: Provide info how system was designed and intent for use to minimize landing when ship pitch, roll, wind, etc are out of limits • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Can be adapted to any ship/aircraft • Can be adapted to offshore platforms • Decreases hazard of landing on a pitching/rolling deck • Allows for less wear and tear on aircraft

7. Enhancing Aircraft Survivability through Implementation of Lightweight On-board Inert Gas Generating Systems By Robert Demidowicz; Carleton Life Support Systems, Inc. • Intent: Provide info system design, capability, and integration • Prevents air in fuel cell from exploding when exposed to penetrating ordnance • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Removes fuel vapor therefore increases survivability • May be required in the future by regulatory agencies (FAA)

8. Integrated Mechanical Diagnostic Systems (IMDS) Contribution to Helicopter Safety Improvement By Col Paul Croisetiere, USMC; USN’s Program Manager: H53 (Naval Air Systems Command) • Intent: Provide info on how IMDS is utilized on H53 to improve safety and reliability and decrease maintenance time and risk • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Technology tested/proven • Usable in civilian aircraft with minimal testing/integration • Lessons learned can be shared with civilian market • Process for developing exceedance limits • Ground station hardward and software development

9. Rotor Blade Erosion Phenomenology By Robert Lee; Military Systems Tech, UCSB • Intent: Develop a scanner that will determine rotor blade life remaining based on detected defects from particulate erosion • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Still in the software development stage with a long way to go • Looking for additional funding • Goal is to increase life cycle of rotor blades decrease maintenance costs/time

10. Integrated Vehicle Health Management in Network Centric Operations By Piet (Pete) Ephraim; Smiths Aerospace • Intent: Provide info on how system builds the Situational Awareness of those involved in managing a multifaceted mission • Common Computing Platform that uses a single computing resource to run multiple applications from multiple sources • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Increase mission readiness, effectiveness, and sortie rate • Reduced down time • Improved safety • Decreased sustainment and logistics footprint

11. UAV Failure Rate Criteria for Equivalent Level of Safety By David King; Bell Helicopter Textron • Intent: Discuss UAV reliability in the civilian environment in order to prevent civilian ground casualties from a potential mishap • Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction: • Method of analysis may be applicable to civilian rotorcraft

12. Input and Wrap-Up by Military Session Chair

13. Personnel in session agreed the following items are a must to reduce the mishaps in the civilian rotary wing industry: • Agreed upon goal: 80% reduction of what? Mishaps, accidents, incidents? • Need a common international hazard reporting data base and hazard tracking system

14. What has the US Naval Service done to help reduce Mishaps? • SecNav • CNO • CMC

15. SecNav’s Top Priority: Intrusive Leadership • Policy: • Leadership Commitment to Educating Fleet on supporting SAFETY in DON • Risk Management is number 1 priority • SAFETY CULTURE reflects the collective behavior of each member of that unit

16. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP) • Owned by the Fleet with Technical input from NavAir Engineers/Logisticians • Maintenance Instruction Manuals (MIMs) • Owned by the Fleet with Technical input from NavAir Engineers/Logisticians • Naval Air Training & Operating Standardization (NATOPS) Program • NATOPS Manual for each T/M/S • Reviewed every 2 years by the Fleet users • All Aircrew receive an annual NATOPS Check Ride. • Standardized NATOPS Instructors by FRS (Training Squadron) • Navy Squadron’s have HHQ Unit NATOPS eval annually

17. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Operational Risk Management (ORM) • Initial and Annual training required • Required for each Unit scheduled event • Involves “Deliberate” and “On the Fly” planning • “LOOP” process that involves: • ID Hazards • Assess the Hazards • Make Risk Decisions • Implement Controls • Supervise (includes Lessons Learned data base) • ORM Principles • Accept Risk when Benefits outweigh the Cost • Make Risk Decisions at the right level • Accept no Unnecessary Risk • Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning • Risk Assessment Worksheets • By T/M/S • Completed for each flight • Assigns a Risk Assessment Code using a standard Matrix

18. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Crew Resource Management (CRM) • Formally ACT • Originally based on Airline model • All Aircrew require a CRM annual check ride • CRM chapter required in NATOPS for each T/M/S • Stood up NSOC (Navy’s Special Operations Command) • Standardized specialized training (NVGs) • Night Vision Goggles • Standardized throughout USN Fleet • Most Aircraft are NVG compatible • Moving away from night unaided ship board ops • One of Top Priorities for Funding • Naval Air Systems Command • Technical and Logistics conscious for the Fleet

19. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Web Enabled Safety System (WESS) • Simplified Hazard Reporting System • Hazard Reports • ID hazards to the Fleet • Intent is to make Fleet aware • Prevent mishap • Requires Chain of Command Endorsement • Means acceptance/rejection • Problem addressed by system to ID and implement fix

20. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Mishap investigations • Unit Aircraft Mishap Board Stood up after all mishaps • NavSafCen sends investigator for all Class A • NavSafCen owns the wreckage • Safety Privileged concept used to gather info to prevent future mishaps • Safety Privileged info cannot be used against individuals and cannot be shared out of the safety chain • Heavily utilize the NavAir’s engineering capability to investigate mishap aircraft components • Publish Safety Investigation Report (SIR) • REQUIRES CHAIN OF COMMAND ENDORSEMENT

21. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Safety Survey • Required every two years • White hat when done conducted by Naval Safety Center • Can be conducted by sister squadron or in house • 1 Day look at Ops/NATOPS/Maintenance Programs • Findings shared only with Squadron • Free look for Squadron to make improvement • Tool for Commander • Culture Work Shop • 2.5 days, uses a Facilitator to: • Help identify a unit’s Command Culture • Conduct Workshops by rank • Allows Unit personnel to identify their own Culture • Tool for Commander

22. What has CNO done to help reduce USN/USMC R/W mishaps? • Stood up MCAS/CSA survey capability • Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey • Command Safety Assessment • Surveys filled out by squadron personnel • Gives the command a snap shot of the squadron • Culture • Maintenance • Flying • Safety • Stays with in the squadron • Tool for Commander

23. NSC Aviation Safety Programs • What do we do for the Fleet? • Look for TRENDS • Screen (track and analyze) Fleet Naval Message Traffic • Provide Mishap Intervention Strategies • Provide Safety Information to the Fleet • Data Retrieval and Analysis • As Consultants at Fleet Conferences (NATOPS, SSWG, OAG) • Conduct Class A Mishap Analysis/Close Out • Support Safety Standdowns • Create NSC Multi-media Presentations • Provide NSC Safety Surveys (White hat Audits of Units’ Ops & Training, Standardization, Aeromedical, and Maintenance Programs) • Provide Culture Workshops

24. What has CMC done to help reduce USMC R/W mishaps? • Stood Up Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron –1 (MAWTS-1) • Tactical Gurus for each T/M/S • Make Unit Night Systems Instructors • Make Unit Weapons and Tactics Instructors • Conduct Desert Talon training for OEF/OIF units • Stood Up Combined Arms Training (CAX) • Allows all elements of the MAGTF to training in the desert environment with live ordnance • Prepares units for deployments

25. What has CMC done to help reduce USMC R/W mishaps? • Marine Corps Combat Readiness Evaluation System (MCCRES) • Ensures Marine Expeditionary Units are trained and ready for deployment • Training and Readiness (T&R) Manuals • Each T/M/S • Standardized • Outlines all required training for each T/M/S • Copilots • Aircraft Commander • Section Leader • Etc….

26. What has CMC done to help reduce USMC R/W mishaps? • Aviation Training System (just stood up) • Standardized Instructor Base for Check Rides: • NATOPS/Instrument/Upper level instructors • Simulators • Located at each USMC Aviation Base • Authorized USMC R/W aircraft to only conduct night shipboard landings while using NVGs • Requires one of the following to be conducted every 6 months to ensure programs and culture stay in the command’s focus • MCAS/CSA • Safety Survey by NSC • Safety Survey by sister unit • Culture Workshop

27. 776 aircraft destroyed in 1954 8 aircraft destroyed and 31 fatalities (1 mishap) in 2005 28 aircraft destroyed and 19 fatalities in 2004 Naval Aviation Mishap Trend USN and USMC, FY50-05 32 aircraft destroyed in 2002 Angled decks Aviation Safety Center Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP), 1959 RAG concept initiated NATOPS Program, 1961 Squadron Safety program System Safety Designated Aircraft ACT (CRM) ORM Fiscal Year

28. Summary • USN/USMC focused on four areas to reduce aviation mishaps in the Department of the Navy: • Leadership Commitment • Training • Equipment • Culture

29. Summary Continued • HAI’s Rotor Magazine (Spring ’05) • Article by Dick Wright • “Searching for the Silver Bullet for Safety in Helicopter Air Medical Service Operations” • Article Noted that HEMS needed to focus on: • Leadership • Training • Equipment • Culture

30. Summary Continued • USN/USMC and the civilian rotorcraft industry have the similar issues to deal with in attempting to reduce aviation mishaps • Industry and the Department of the Navy should work together to share information to help both entities reduce rotary wing aviation mishaps • Requires CNO, CNSC, and CNASC commitment • CNASC via PEO/A has committed to supporting the mishap reduction goal