STD Definition

1. STD Definition • STD - is defined as a sexually transmitted disease.

2. Presentation Will Cover These Topics Related to STDs • Condoms • Genital Herpes • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • HPV • Chlamydia

3. Condoms

4. Definition/Brief History • Condom- A flexible sheath, usually made of thin rubber or latex, designed to cover the penis during sexual intercourse for contraceptive purposes or as a MEANS OF PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES. • Brief History - Condom use has been around since around 1000 BC, but it wasn’t widely used until World War II, when military leaders tried to curb venereal disease by distributing condoms to Allied troops and promoting them with slogans like "Put it on before you put it in." When the soldiers returned home, condom popularity skyrocketed among civilians. During the ‘60s through the ‘70s, condom took a back seat to a new form of contraceptive called, which was the pill. During the ‘80s the condom had a revival due the threat of AIDS, and more people started to use them to protect them from HIV.

5. Primary Purpose of Condoms • The condom’s primary purpose is to keep bodily fluids from different people, separate. Obviously it helps prevent pregnancy by keeping the sperm from entering the eggs. It also helps prevent diseases that are transmitted mainly through contact with sexual fluids, like semen and vaginal lubricant.

6. How to Use a Condom • Take the condom out of its package, and hold it right-side up by the tip of the condom. Then, place it over the erect penis and carefully unroll the condom down the length of the penis. After ejaculation, hold the rim of the condom to keep it from slipping off. Remove the condom carfully, wrap it in tissue, and put it in the garbage. NOT IN TOILET. NEVER REUSE CONDOMS.

7. Condom Use & Disease Prevention Facts • There are more than 30 types of bacteria that can move from person to person as a result of sexual activity. People get STDs because of fluid exchange during sex. Condoms physically block fluids, preventing disease. Condoms can possibly break or be defective but what makes a latex condom so effective is that it doesn’t have pores that can allow microorganisms to pass through the condom. • However, some STIs like genital warts, genital herpes and pubic lice can be transmitted because of areas that are not covered by condoms. • If you’re having sex with someone that has HIV, there is almost no chance of getting it if a condom is being worn.

8. Condom Conclusion • Abstinence is the only true way to prevent any STD. • Best alternative is to practice safe sex by wearing a condom for any sexual encounter.

9. What is Genital Herpes? • Genital Herpes is a common virus that can cause sores in and around the genital area and it can also be transmitted to other regions of the body.

10. How Do You Get Herpes? • By direct contact with the sores or blisters of an infected person. • For example: • Having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone with genital sores. • If a mother has genital sores during childbirth, herpes can be passed to the baby. • The virus can be spread when you cannot see any sores. • This happens by viral shedding right before an outbreak, or if sores are hidden inside the vagina.

11. How Do You Know If You Have Herpes? • You may have: • Tingling or itching of the skin around the genitals. • One or a group of painful, watery blisters in or around the genitals, or wherever there is skin to skin contact (hips, nipples, anus). • These blisters break and form open sores that crust or scab lasting 7 - 21 days. • Burning when you urinate (pee). • Flu-like symptoms (usually during the first outbreak). • Tender, swollen glands in the groin. • Symptoms that start 2 - 21 days after contact with an infected person, but may take weeks or months to appear. • Outbreaks of herpes that vary and can return as often as every month or as rare as once a year or longer. • Stress, illness, diet, fever, sun exposure, your period, pregnancy or vigorous sex may cause outbreaks.

12. How Do You Get Tested? How Do You Treat Genital Herpes? HOW TO GET TESTED • Visit a doctor as soon as you have an outbreak. • A doctor can diagnose the herpes by looking at the sores or by taking a swab of the sore to check for the virus. • Sometimes, during a pelvic exam, herpes can be seen on the cervix. • http://www.stdresearch.org/anonymous-std-testing-glassboro-nj.html TREATMENT • Medicine can help shorten or prevent outbreaks and ease the pain, but there is no cure for herpes. • Keep the area clean and dry, as this will help healing.

13. How Can You Prevent The Spread Of Herpes? • Abstinence (not having sex) is your best choice. • If you think that you have been infected, get checked out. • Do not have any sexual contact with someone who has sores on the genitals. • Do not have any sexual contact if you have sores on your genitals. • Practice “Safer Sex”. Always use condoms but remember that condoms will not protect you if the sores are not covered. • Limit the number of sexual partners you have. • Ask your partner about his/her sexual history. • Tell your partner if you have an infection. • Get education, guidance and support. Herpes can be passed between partners even when there are no signs of the disease.

14. Famous People with Genital Herpes Liza Minnelli Paris Hilton Ann Heche Robin Williams Billy Idol Michael Vick David Hasselhoff

15. What is Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea- is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that can grow and multiply easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal) in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus. Gonorrhea occurs second only to chlamydia among bacterial STD’s in the U.S.

16. How Gonorrhea is contracted and or spread? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have estimated that more than 700,000 persons get new Gonorrheal infections each year. Gonorrhea is spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus involving a person or persons infected by the bacteria. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to baby during delivery. Myths revealed: Gonorrhea CANNOT be spread by sharing toilets and bathrooms. People who have had gonorrhea and received treatment MAY get infected AGAIN if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea.

17. Signs and Symptoms • MEN -Some men with gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all. However, some men have signs or symptoms that appear two to five days after infection; symptoms can take as long as 30 days to appear. Symptoms and signs include a burning sensation when urinating, or a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis. Sometimes men with gonorrhea get painful or swollen testicles. • BOTH -Symptoms of rectal infection in both men and women may include discharge, anal itching, soreness, bleeding, or painful bowel movements. Rectal infection also may cause no symptoms. Infections in the throat may cause a sore throat, but usually causes no symptoms. • WOMEN -In women, the symptoms of gonorrhea are often mild, but most women who are infected have no symptoms. Even when a woman has symptoms, they can be so non-specific as to be mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection. The initial symptoms and signs in women include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods. Women with gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, regardless of the presence or severity of symptoms.

18. Signs and Symptoms of Gonorrhea

19. How to treat Gonorrhea? Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea in adolescents and adults. However, drug-resistant strains of Gonorrhea are increasing in many areas of the world, including the United States, and successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult. Because many people with gonorrhea also have Chlamydia, another STD, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together. -Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs. HELP: Division of STD Prevention (DSTDP)Centers for Disease Control and Preventionwww.cdc.gov/std CDC-INFO Contact Center1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)Email: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

20. Prevention of Gonorrhea -The surest way to avoid transmission of STDs is to abstain from sexual intercourse, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected. -Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of transmission of gonorrhea.

21. Resources -http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

22. Syphilis

23. Syphilis“The Great Imitator” • Bacterial infection • Spread through direct contact (vaginal, anal, oral sex) • Cannot be spread through indirect contact (door knobs, toilet seats, hot tubs, etc.) • Sores usually appear on the genitals, anus, or in the rectum • Can also appear on lips and mouth • Pregnant women can pass it to their baby!

24. Primary Stage • Single sore (chancre) usually, but may be more than one • Average of 21 days between infection and first symptom • Lasts 3-6 weeks, may heal without treatment, or may progress to secondary stage

25. Secondary Stage • Skin rashes and lesions • More than one spot on the body • Fever, swollen lymph glands, patchy • Will resolve with or without treatment • Without treatment, can progress to latent stage

26. Latent • Develops in 15% of untreated people • Can appear for 10-20 years after infection • Internal organs - brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, joints • Symptoms - muscle coordination difficulty, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia....... • And possibly death!

27. Statistics • From 2004-2008, the rates of primary and secondary syphilis increased the most among men and women aged 15-24 • In 2006, there were over 36,000 cases of syphilis, with 9,756 reported as primary and secondary syphilis • Half of all primary and secondary cased were from people in 20 counties and 2 cities • There were 349 new cases of congenital syphilis on newborns • In 2008, 63% of the reported primary and secondary syphilis cases were among men who had sex with them

28. Prevention • Abstinence • From sexual activity • From intimate physical contact • The bacteria that causes syphilis can travel through parts of the body not protected by a condom

29. Resources • http://www.cdc.gov/std/Syphilis/STDFact-Syphilis.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

30. HPV

31. Little Known Facts About HPV • -90% of all cases will be cleared by the body’s immune system within 2 years • It can sometimes cause genital warts • It can sometimes cause cervical cancer • Also known as Human Pappiloma Virus

32. Signs and Symptoms • Genital warts can usually appear to be and can be flat, raised or shaped like cauliflower, small or large • Women can get cervical cancer but it does not have any symptoms. • It can cause other cancers such as cancer of the: vulva, vagina and penis • People can also get RRP which causes warts to grow in their throat. These warts can cause troubled breathing since they block the airway.

33. How do you get HPV? • HPV gets passed through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. It can also be passed through oral sex and even just genital touch.

34. How common is HPV? • Approximately 20 million americans are currently infected with HPV. Another 6 million are newly infected each year. • HPV is so common that atleast 50% of all sexually active men and women will get it at some point in their lives.

35. How can you prevent HPV? • Girls and women: Two vaccines are available to protect against HPV. The Gardasil shot prevents most genital warts. • Boys and Men: One vaccine is available, Gardasil, and it protects males against most genital warts. • Using condoms can prevent HPV, however it can infect areas that are not covered by a condom. • Abstinence

36. Treatment of HPV • Genital warts: Can be removed by the patient with medications, and can also be treated by medical providers. Some people choose to just let them go away on their own. • Cervical Cancer: It is most treatable when caught early. Women who get routine pap test and follow up as needed can identify problems BEFORE cancer starts. • Other Cancers: Also more treatable when diagnosed early. • RRP: Can be treated with surgery or medicines. It can sometime take many treatments over a period of years.

37. What is Chlamydia? Chlamydia is a common infectious cause of genital and eye diseases in humans. Chlamydia trachomatis a bacterium that only infects humans. It is the leading bacterial STI worldwide.

38. Bio on Chlamydia • Chlamydia is known as the "Silent Epidemic" because in women, it may not cause any symptoms in 75% of cases and can linger for months or years before being discovered. Symptoms that may occur include: unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain in the abdomen, painful sexual intercourse , fever, painful urination or the urge to urinate more frequently than usual urinary urgency.

39. In men, Chlamydia shows symptoms of infectious urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) in about 50% of cases. Symptoms that may occur include: a painful or burning sensation when urinating, an unusual discharge from the penis, swollen or tender testicles, or fever. Discharge, or the purulent exudates, is generally less viscous and lighter in color than for gonorrhea. If left untreated, it is possible for Chlamydia in men to spread to the testicles causing epididymitis, which in rare cases can cause sterility if not treated within 6 to 8 weeks. Chlamydia is also a potential cause of prostatitis in men. (Disease in the prostate)

40. Chlamydia infection of the neck of the womb is a sexually transmitted infection which is asymptomatic for about 50-70% of women infected with the disease. • The infection can be passed through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • If you have any of these symptoms please see a doctor sooner rather than later.

41. Treatment • The mainstay of therapy for Chlamydia includes appropriate antibiotic treatment these include: tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin. • You can get Chlamydia with gonorrhea or syphilis, so if you have one sexually transmitted disease you must be screened for other sexually transmitted diseases as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for Chlamydia. • Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth. There is no significant immunity following the infection and a person may become repeatedly infected. • A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the infection has been cured.

42. Causes • Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia may be transmitted by: Having unprotected vaginal sex with an infected person. • Having unprotected anal sex with an infected person. • Having unprotected oral sex with an infected person. • Having genital contact with an infected person. • Approximately 2.3 million people in the USA are currently infected with Chlamydia. Less than half of the women in the U.S. who are at risk for Chlamydia are being screened for the sexually transmitted infection, according to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

43. Tests & diagnosis • The diagnosis of Chlamydia infection involves sampling of the urethral discharge in males or cervical secretions in females. If an individual engages in anal sexual contact, samples from the rectum may also be needed. The sample is sent for a fluorescent or monoclonal antibody test, DNA probe test, or cell culture. Some of these tests may also be performed on urine samples.

44. Prognosis • Early antibiotic treatment is extremely successful and may prevent the development of long-term complications. Untreated infection, however, may lead to PID, scarring, and ultimately infertility.

45. Prevention • Safe sexual practices and consistent condom use are important ways to help reduce your chances of becoming infected with Chlamydia. • A screening test for Chlamydia is recommended each year for sexually active women age 25 and younger. Women over age 25 who have new or multiple sex partners

47. Centers near Rowan to get tested • El Comite de Apoyo A Los Trabajadores Agricolas(details)4 S Delsea DrGlassboro, New Jersey 08028856-881-2507800-989-2282Community Based OrganizationFamCare Incorporated(details)711 N Main StGlassboro, New Jersey 08028856-881-9531888-794-1235ClinicGloucester County Department of Health and Senior Services(details)204 East Holly AveSewell, New Jersey 08080856-218-4100Clinic

48. Fun Facts! • As chlamydial infection often presents no symptoms, an infected person may pass it on to his/her sexual partner without knowing. • Chlamydia can be treated and cured with antibiotics. • Finish all of the medicine to be sure you are cured. • Do not share your medicine with anyone. You need all of it. • Chlamydia can cause a pregnant woman to go into labor early or deliver a low-birthweight baby.