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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Regulation - How we maintain homeostasis nervous system nerve signals control body functions electrical (+/- charges) AND chemical (neurotransmitters) endocrine system hormones (proteins) chemical signals ONLY control body functions. Homeostasis.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System • Regulation - How we maintain homeostasis • nervous system • nerve signals control body functions • electrical (+/- charges) AND chemical (neurotransmitters) • endocrine system • hormones (proteins) • chemical signals ONLY control body functions

  2. Homeostasis • maintaining internal balance in the body- organism must keep internal conditions stable even if environment changes • also called “dynamic equilibrium” • use feedback mechanisms • example: body temperature – 37 C – monitored by nervous system • humans: • too cold = shiver – (muscles contact – R – produce heat) • too warm = sweat

  3. Hormones • chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body • travel through bloodstream • hormones are proteins • communication needed to coordinate whole body • maintaining homeostasis • hormones work SLOWER than nerve impulses

  4. Endocrine System • Endocrine system releases hormones • glands which secrete (release) chemical signals into blood • chemicals cause changes in other parts of body • growth hormone (HGH) • sex hormones • response hormones • metabolism hormones • and more….

  5. Getting the correct signal hormone fits receptor on “target” cell receptor hormone targettissue/cell secretingcell (gland) non-targetcells can’treadsignal can’treadsignal

  6. Review Protein Synthesis Start with DNA (gene) in the nucleus Transfer info to RNA – DNA can’t leave the nucleus RNA moves to ribosome – amino acid chain is made Moves to ER – packaged into a vessicle Then to Golgi – repackaged in to another vessicle Vessicle moves to cell membrane Secretion by exocytosis (active transport)

  7. Glands • Pituitary • many hormones: master gland • HGH – human growth hormone • TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone • FSH – follicle stimulating hormone; LH – leutinizing hormone • Thyroid • thyroxine – regulates metabolism • Parathyroid • Parathyroid hormone – regulates Calcium metabolism • Adrenal • adrenaline – “fight or “flight” • Pancreas • Insulin – lowers blood sugar • Glucagon – raises blood sugar • Ovary - estrogen, progesterone • Testes - testosterone

  8. high Negative Feedback • Response to changed body condition • if body is high or low from normal level • signal tells body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level • once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off hormone 1 lowersbody condition gland Like the thermostat in your house specific body condition

  9. high low Feedback Maintaining homeostasis hormone 1 lowersbody condition gland specific body condition raisesbody condition gland hormone 2

  10. pancreas high liver low pancreas liver Regulation of Blood Sugar insulin body cells takeup glucose from blood liver storessugar as glycogen reducesappetite After a meal blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) Between meals liver releasesglucose triggershunger glucagon

  11. Feedback: Maintaining Homeostasis • Balancing glucose levels in blood cellstake upglucose from blood insulin pancreas depress appetite liver takes upglucose for storage liver releasesglucose to blood stimulatehunger pancreas glucagon

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