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THE ENLIGHTENMENT

THE ENLIGHTENMENT. The Age of Reason. “I think, therefore I am”. - Descartes. What is the Enlightenment?. An 18 th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply principles of reason and scientific method to all aspect of society.

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THE ENLIGHTENMENT

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  1. THE ENLIGHTENMENT The Age of Reason

  2. “I think, therefore I am” - Descartes

  3. What is the Enlightenment? • An 18th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply principles of reason and scientific method to all aspect of society. • The Enlightenment was the beginning of many new ideas, including the principles of freedom, democracy, capitalism, scientific method, and religious tolerance

  4. Religion • Two main religions in England were Protestant and Catholic • Many new religions formed within the two main religions fueled by new religious tolerance • People began to question religious ideas as a result of a new logical way of thinking

  5. Enlightenment Government • Before the Enlightenment, only Divine Right Monarchies told people they were selected by God • Enlightenment thinkers believed that humans could answer questions for themselves • Common man became “Enlightened” and argued against the oppressive rule of a king • Tensions began to end noble privileges, limit king’s power, start the Checks and Balances system, and call for freedoms of speech and of religion

  6. King Louis XIV The Enlightenment thinkers crushed the idea of “Absolute Monarchy”

  7. Enlightenment Education • Realistic thinking was preferred over Romanticism • The Scientific Method was used and guided by new ideas of natural laws • Education became more important, especially for young upper-class Englishmen • They would move to France to complete their education at the best universities

  8. Education for Children • Parents thought education for younger children was more important • Parents were interested in more interactions with their young children and use of nannies declined • Educational toys and books for children became popular

  9. “Childhood should be a stage for learning and growth” -History World International

  10. Enlightenment Economics • Steady growth of colonial trade and manufacturing • Rapid spread of household production of textile and metal products • New technical innovations such as faster loom to improve efficiency • Economy began to move towards the Industrial Revolution

  11. “All things have sprung from nothing and are borne forward to infinity” -Blaise Pascal, founder of modern probability theory and leading Enlightenment thinker

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