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CLASSICAL GREECE

Cultural and Scientific Advancements. CLASSICAL GREECE. Scientific and Cultural Advancements. DEMOCRACY. DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY DEMOCR CULTURAL AC. CULTURAL. SCIENTIFIC. Cultural Contributions.

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CLASSICAL GREECE

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  1. Cultural and Scientific Advancements CLASSICAL GREECE

  2. Scientific and Cultural Advancements DEMOCRACY • DEMOCRACY • DEMOCRACY • DEMOCR CULTURAL AC CULTURAL SCIENTIFIC

  3. Cultural Contributions • Democratic principles and classical culture flourished during Greece’s golden age (477-431 BCE) – a its height, Greece set lasting standards in politics, art, architecture, literature, and philosophy that are still influential today. • Hellenistic Culture – refers to the blending of Greek culture as well as Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures

  4. Government – The First Democracy • Origins of Democracy in Greece were to eliminate the power struggles between the rich and poor – allow all citizens to participate in government

  5. The First Democracy Continued • Draco took power in 621 BCE • Created a legal code that punished the rich and poor equally (first steps towards democracy)

  6. The First Democracy Continued • Solon took power in 594 BCE • Outlawed debt slavery (no citizen should “own” another) • Divided Athens into four social classes (top three could hold office, all others could participate in assembly) • Citizens were permitted to bring charges of wrongdoing against another

  7. Solon

  8. The First Democracy Continued • Cleisthenes took power in 500 BCE • Broke up nobility, instead, he divided people into ten classes based on region, not wealth • All citizens could submit ideas for laws

  9. Cleisthenes

  10. The First Democracy Continued • Eventually, Greek Democracy looked like this: • Direct democracy • Citizens: male; 18 years old; born of citizen parents • Laws voted on and proposed directly by assembly of all citizens • Executive Branch composed of a council of 500 men • Juries varied in size • No attorneys; no appeals, one-day trials

  11. Pnyx – meeting place

  12. The First Democracy Continued • How Greece’s Democracy influenced the US • Political power exercised by the citizens • Three branches of government • Legislative Branch makes the laws • Executive Branch carries out the laws • Judicial Branch conducts trials with paid jurors

  13. NOTES - Democracy • Created to appease ALL people • First Democracy • Direct Democracy • Influenced US Government

  14. The Arts • Sculpture – portrayed ideal beauty, then realism • Pottery • Greek Drama • History – written history as well as oral traditions • Homer – Iliad and Odyssey

  15. Greek Drama • Leadership • Duties to the Gods • War • Humor • Justice • Love and Hate • Betrayal • Self-Criticism With one other student, discuss modern television shows or movies that have similar subject matter/themes.

  16. Architecture • Parthenon • Columns

  17. Literature and Philosophy • Philosophers are “great thinkers” who are seeking the “truth” • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Stoicism • Epicureanism

  18. Socrates Wanted people to think about their values and actions.

  19. Plato Wrote about a perfectly governed society – The Republic.

  20. Aristotle Developed rules of logic – basis of the Scientific Method.

  21. Notes – Cultural Contributions • Sculpture, Pottery • Drama, History, epic poems (Homer) • Philosophers (Socrates, Aristotle, Plato)

  22. Scientific Contributions • Astronomy • Aristarchus estimated that the sun was 300 times the size of the Earth (underestimate) and that the Earth and other planets revolved around the sun – took awhile to catch on • Eratosthenes attempted to calculate the Earth’s size

  23. Scientific Contributions Continued • Mathematics and Physics • Euclid wrote Elements which contained the basis for Geometry • Archimedes estimated Pi – his ideas eventually enabled Hellenistic scientists to build a force pump and a stream engine • Pythagoras – he had a theorem

  24. Notes – Scientific Contributions • Astronomy – Earth revolves around sun • Geometry – Pi and Pythagorean Theorem

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