1 / 141

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. Objectives. Explain dermatitis and psoriasis Discuss the education plan for a client with inflammatory disorders List drugs used for treatment of inflammatory disorders Identify foods causing allergies

kirkan
Download Presentation

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

  2. Objectives • Explain dermatitis and psoriasis • Discuss the education plan for a client with inflammatory disorders • List drugs used for treatment of inflammatory disorders • Identify foods causing allergies • Identify topical drugs used for the client with disorders of the skin • Discuss components of a client education plan for the self-use of topical medications

  3. DERMATITIS • Contact dermatitis from tape. • Poison ivy dermatitis.

  4. CONTACT DERMATITIS • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: -direct contact with agents in the environment that a person is hypersensitive to -epidermis becomes inflamed and damaged by the repeated contact -soaps, industrial chemicals, plants ,etc.

  5. POISON OAK

  6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS -lesions at the point of contact. -burning, pain, itching, and swelling. -red with papules -small, raised , solid skin lesions less than 1 cm. in diameter

  7. ASSESSMENT • SUBJECTIVE DATA -history of the pt.’s activities -ask for a log of the past 48 hours before the s/s developed.

  8. ASSESSMENT • SUBJECTIVE DATA • -tried a new soap. • -traveling and using different personal items. • -working with plants or flowers. • -severe itching. • -difficulty moving the affected area.

  9. ASSESSMENT • OBJECTIVE DATA: • -erythema. • -papules /vesicles that generally ooze and • weep a clear fluid. • -scratch marks. • -edema of the area.

  10. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS -health history to identify the agent. -intra-dermal skin testing. -elimination diets are used to identify food allergies. -elevated serum IgE levels and eosinopilia.

  11. NURSING DIAGNOSES • Impaired skin integrity, related to scratching • Pain, related to pruritis

  12. TREATMENT • MEDICAL MANAGEMENT • -identify the cause of the hypersensitive • reaction. • -treat symptomatically • -swelling, itching, discomfort. • -oral antihistamines • -corticosteroids topically. • -prophylactic treatment for asthma

  13. NURSING INTERVENTIONS -protect the inflamed area from further harm. -rest the affected area. -wet dressings (Burrow’s solution) -use medical aseptic technique when applying the corticosteroids to the open lesions. -provide a cool environment with humidity. -cold compresses -deceases the circulation and cause vasoconstriction -this relieves the pruritis

  14. NURSING INTERVENTIONS, CONT. -daily baths with an application of oil. -cut the fingertips -decreases excoriation from scratching - wear mittens or gloves). -clothing should be lightweight and loose.

  15. TEACHING -keep a history of possible predisposing offensive agents. -avoid the causative agent once it has been identified. -avoid any rubbing of the area -any excessive heat -any soaps -these can all cause itching which could easily re-open the wound

  16. PROGNOSIS • -removal of the offensive agent results in full • recovery • -if there is a recurrence, then the pt. may need • to be desensitized.

  17. DERMATITIS VENENATA, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS, AND DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA

  18. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin • Dermatitis venenata, exfoliative dermatitis, anddermatitis medicamentosa • Etiology/pathophysiology • Dermatitis venenata: • -Contact with certain plants • Exfoliative dermatitis: • -Ingestation of heavy metals, antibiotics, aspirin, • codeine, gold, or iodine • Dermatitis medicamentosa: • -Hypersensitivity to a medication

  19. DERMATITIS VENENATA -Contact with certain plants - poison oak /poison ivy. -Mild-severe erythema with pruritis -Body undergoes a sensitizing antigen formation on first exposure -Lymphocytes to release irritating chemicals - inflammation - edema - vesiculation

  20. EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS -Ingestation of heavy metals, or by antibiotics, - -aspirin, codeine, arsenic, mercury gold or iodine. -Skin sloughs off -swollen/reddened • -severe pruritis • -fever -Patients are hospitalized -Treatment is individualized.

  21. EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS -Cause should be removed and treated -Prevent secondary infections -Avoid further irritation. -Maintain fluid balance.

  22. DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA -Medication causes a hypersensitivereaction -Any drug can cause a reaction -penicillin, codeine, and iron.

  23. DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA • Signs and symptoms -mild to severe erythema -pruritus. -vesicles/eruptions -respiratory distress -especially with medicamentosa

  24. VESICLES

  25. ASSESSMENT • SUBJECTIVE: -Complaints of pruritis/burning pain in the involved area • OBJECTIVE: -Lesions are white in the center/red on the periphery. -Vesicles -Severe dyspnea caused by respiratory distress

  26. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS • Patient history. • A laboratory exam for serum IgE and eosinopilia.

  27. NURSING DIAGNOSES • Impaired skin integrity, related to crusted, open lesions • Risk for infection, related to break in skin • Deficient knowledge, related to the cause and spread of the disease

  28. TREATMENT • -Therapeutic baths • -Administration of corticosteroids. • -Treatment is directed at the cause.

  29. NURSING INTERVENTIONS: • Dermatitis venenata- -Wash the affected area immediately after contact with the offending allergen -Cool, open, wet dressings to the lesions -Calamine lotion

  30. NURSING INTERVENTIONS -Therapeutic baths with colloid solution, lotions, and ointments - alleviates the itching -Emotional support - the physical appearance is difficult for both the patient/family to accept.

  31. NURSING INTERVENTIONS Dermatitis medicamentosa -center around the causative drug and discontinuation -if the drug cannot be identified -no drugs should be given -lesions will disappear after the medication has been stopped -PCP must be notified for further orders

  32. TEACHING -Wear a medical alert bracelet/necklace showing the name of the allergen -Inspect the lesions daily -exudate, size, and body part. -Fever -have the pt. check his temperature -Medical asepsis/aseptic hand washing technique

  33. TEACHING -Appropriate application of topical meds -Keep the involved areas dry when giving care -Own personal items that are not to be shared – -linens, towels, comb, etc. -Family must be involved with the teaching

  34. PROGNOSIS • Full recovery • -when the offending agent is gone

  35. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin • Urticaria (Wheals/Hives) • Etiology/pathophysiology • Allergic reaction • -release of histamine in an antigen-antibody reaction • -drugs • -food • -insect bites • -inhalants • -emotional stress • -exposure to heat or cold

  36. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin • Clinical manifestations/assessment • Pruritus • Burning pain • Wheals/ hives • - release of histamine • - capillaries to dilate • - increased permeability

  37. WHEALS OR HIVES

  38. ASSESSMENT • SUBJECTIVE: -pruritis -edema -burning pain -shortness of breath .

  39. ASSESSMENT • OBJECTIVE DATA: -Wheals of varying shapes and sizes -pale centers/red edges -Intense scratching -Respiratory status may be compromised.

  40. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin Diagnostic tests -Health history -Allergy skin test -IgE (serum immunoglobulin E) - check for its elevation.

  41. ALLERGY SKIN TESTING

  42. TREATMENT • Medical management/nursing interventions • -Identify and alleviate cause. • -Antihistamine (Benadryl). • -Therapeutic bath. • -Epinephrine. • -Teach patient possible causes. • -Teach preventive measures.

  43. TEACHING . • Signs and symptoms of a anaphylactic reaction. • -shortness of breath • -wheezing • -cyanosis

  44. PROGNOSIS • Full recovery when the obnoxious agent is removed/avoided. • Patient must comply with the treatment regimen.

  45. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin • Angioedema • Etiology/pathophysiology • -form of urticaria • -subcutaneous tissue • -same offenders as urticaria • -eyelids, hands, feet, tongue, larynx, GI, genitalia, • or lips • -angioedema is a local edema of an entire area • rarely occurs in more than a single area at one • time

  46. Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin • Angioedema • Clinical manifestations/assessment • -burning /pruritus • -lesions that are normal on the outer skin • -edema • -acute pain -in the GI tract • -respiratory distress -in the larynx • -edema of an entire area -eyelid, feet, lips, etc.

  47. ANGIOEDEMA

  48. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS -patient history. -history of allergies are more likely to have angioedema.

More Related