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Enslaved Africans in the Colonies. A Diverse Nation and Economy. The experiences of the Africans varied by region South Carolina and Georgia Harvested rice and indigo Worked in brutal conditions Lived apart from white colonists Preserved many African customs Virginia and Maryland
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A Diverse Nation and Economy • The experiences of the Africans varied by region • South Carolina and Georgia • Harvested rice and indigo • Worked in brutal conditions • Lived apart from white colonists • Preserved many African customs • Virginia and Maryland • Strongly influenced by European customs • Most were born in the colonies, not Africa • Harvested tobacco; filled many work roles out of season
Economy con’t • Middle and NE Colonies • Relatively few in number • Approx. 50,000 in late 1700s • Worked as cooks, servants, artisans, skilled workers • Many worked in shipbuilding and fishing
Amistad • The Middle Passage was a brutal journey and introduction into slavery for Africans. • Imagine you were on that journey. • Would you have been able to survive? • Most of us would probably like to think we would have tried to escape and revolt like Cinque did…but would we have? Or would you have done what the woman with the baby did? What affect did the journey and the conditions have on the people who suffered through it?
Westward migration • High population growth • Population is almost doubling every 25 years due to immigration • Conflict with Native Americans and France • Ohio River Valley • Fishing and fur trade • Some tribes aligned with the French, some with the British
Religion • The Great Awakening • 1720s-1760s; Congregationalist ministers and religious leaders felt many colonists had “lost their way” • Personal connection with God, as opposed to getting your religion through the preacher or church itself • Traveling preachers (itinerant) • Jonathan Edwards • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • George Whitefield • Became more popular than Edwards • “The Generality of Preachers talk of an unknown, unfelt Christ. And the Reason why Congregations have been so dead, is because dead Men preach to them.”
“O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread.”
Religion Con’t • Growth of Methodist and Baptist churches • Evangelical: enthusiastic, emotional ceremonies; religious power is the Book itself, not the preacher • Individuals could act on their own faith • “Indirect attack on the idea that some people are better than others” • Drew mainly middle and lower class