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CONSONANT (PART TWO)

CONSONANT (PART TWO). NASAL CONSONANTS LATERAL CONSONANTS GLIDING CONSONANTS. NASAL CONSONANTS.

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CONSONANT (PART TWO)

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  1. CONSONANT (PART TWO) NASAL CONSONANTS LATERAL CONSONANTS GLIDING CONSONANTS

  2. NASAL CONSONANTS There are three phonemes in English which are represented by nasal consonants, /m, n, ŋ/. In all nasal consonants the soft palate is lowered and at the same time the mouth passage is blocked at some point, so that all the air is pushed out of the nose.

  3. Consonants /m/ and /n/ All languages have consonants which are similiar to /m/ and /n/ in English. The position of the speech organs for these sounds is shown in the next figure:

  4. /m/ The soft palate is lowered for /m/ For /m/ the mouth is blocked by closing the two lips. /m/ sound is voiced in English and in other languages.

  5. /n/ The soft palate is lowered for /n/. For /n/ by pressing the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, and the sides of the tongue against the sides of the palate. /n/ sound is voiced in English and in other languages.

  6. TRY THESE

  7. /ŋ/ This is the third English nasal consonant and the only one likely to cause trouble, because many languages do not have a consonant formed like /ŋ/. The position of the speech organs for /ŋ/ is shown in the next figure:

  8. /n/ The soft palate is lowered and all the air passes our through the nose. The mouth is blocked by the back of the tongue pressed against the soft palate. The sound is voiced.

  9. TRY THESE

  10. LATERAL CONSONANTS One English consonant /l/ is formed laterally, that is, instead of the breath passing down the centre of the mouth, it passes round the sides of an obstruction set up in the centre. The position of the organs of speech for /l/ as in /liv/ for live shown in the next figure:

  11. Consonant /l/ The soft palate is raised The tongue-tip is in firm contact with the alveolar ridge, obstructing the centre of the mouth The sides of the remainder of the tongue are not in contact with the sides of the palate, so air can pass between the sides of the tongue and the palate, round the central obstruction formed by the tip and blade of the tongue and so out of the mouth. The sound is voiced and there is no friction (except when it is immediately after /p/ or /k/

  12. TRY THESE

  13. GLIDING CONSONANTS There are three consonants which consist of a quick, smooth, non-friction glide towards a following vowel sound, the consonants /j, w, r/.

  14. Consonant /j/ This consonant is a quick glide from the position of the vowel /i:/ or /ɪ/ to any other vowel. We usually transcribe the word ‘yes’ as /jes/, but we might easily transcribe it /i:es/ or /ɪ:es/, on the understanding that the /i/ or /ɪ/ is very short and that we move smoothly and quickly to the following /e/.

  15. TRY THESE

  16. Consonant /w/ The consonant consists of a quick glide from the vowel /u:/ or /Ʊ/ to whatever vowel follows. It is much more difficult than /j/ because many languages do not have an independent /w/. But it is not difficult to learn to say. Start with /u:/ or /Ʊ/ and follow this immediately by the vowel /ɔ:/ this is the word war /wɔ:/. The /w/ part must be short and weak, as with /j/, but the lips must be rounded quite firmly even English people move their lips noticeably for /w/

  17. TRY THESE

  18. Consonant /r/ This is the third of the gliding consonants, but it does not resemble one of the English vowels as /j/ and /w/ do. The position of the speech organs for /r/ is shown in figure:

  19. Consonant /r/ The tongue has a curved shape with the tip pointing towards the hard palate at the back of the alveolar ridge, the front low and the back rather high The tongue-tip is not close enough to the palate to cause friction The lips are rather rounded, especially when /r/ is at the beginning or words The soft palate is raised, and voiced air flows quietly between the tongue-tip and palate with nof riction

  20. TRY THESE

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