The future GSI facility Physics with antiprotons at the GSI future facility

1. Kai-Thomas Brinkmann Sep. 17, 2003 VERTEX 2003 Low Wood, Lake Windermere PANDA at the GSI Future Facility supported by BMBF • The future GSI facility • Physics with antiprotons at the GSI future facility • The PANDA detector • Target options and vertex detector, triggers • Summary and outlook KTB

2. Press Release 16/2003, http://www.bmbf.de 05.02.2003 Bulmahn gives green light for large-scale research equipment "We are securing an international top position for German basic research" ...Basic research in the natural sciences has a long tradition in Germany. Its success is inseparably linked with the use of large-scale equipment at national and international research centres. "With the new concept, basic research in Germany will start from an excellent position when entering a new decade of successful work", Minister Bulmahn said. Together with European partners, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt shall extend its equipment in a phased approach and become a leading European physics centre. At least 25% of the costs amounting to €675 million are to be supplied by foreign partners. KTB

3. Primary Beams http://www-new.gsi.de/zukunftsprojekt/index_e.html Intensity upgrade of the existing accelerator complex 1012/s, 1.5 A GeV 238U28+ Acceleration in SIS 100 2(4)·1013/s 30 GeV protons 1010/s 238U73+ to 25 (- 35) A GeV Storage in SIS 200 Technical prerequisites Beam cooling Fast-ramping superconducting magnets SIS 100/200 SIS 18 KTB

4. Secondary Beams Secondary beams Radioactive beams from 1.5 to 2 A GeV, 104 more intensive than at present Antiprotons from 3 (0) to 30 GeV Storage rings, beam cooling Radioactive beams e – A collider 1011 stored and cooled antiprotons of 0.8 to 14.5 GeV/c HESR CR SuperFRS NESR KTB

5. Secondary Beams – Antiprotons Extraction into HESR for experiments 1011 stored antiprotons 0.8 to 14.5 GeV x/x ≥ 100 µm L = 2·1032 cm-2s-1p/p ≥ 10-4 L = 1·1031 cm-2s-1 p/p ≥ 10-5 KTB

6. antiProton ANnihilation experiment located at the new accelerator facility at DArmstadt ..in short: PANDA • Many open questions in non-perturbative QCD • - Charmonium spectroscopy - Hybrids - New states • Chiral symmetry in SU(3) and SU(4) • - Hadrons in nuclear matter • Hypernuclei: “3rd dimension of the chart of nuclides“ • CP violation in the charm sector, virtual Compton scattering, baryon spectroscopy, antiproton physics at low energies ... KTB

7. 100 keV Structure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon Dynamics Charmonium spectroscopy Superior resolution in formation KTB

8. Structure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon Dynamics Hybrids Quarks in mesons are well-localized objects connected by gluons which can be excited (qqg, gg states) Expectation: Hybrid states better separated from fewer states in charm region KTB

9. SPS g,p-,p - beams RHIC LHC SIS 18 SIS 200 T [MeV] 300 Mesons in Nuclear Matter Hadrons in nuclear matter and chiral restoration Mesons in cold baryonic matter: production with antiprotons KTB

10. Mesons in Nuclear Matter Interpretation: effective mass in the medium differs from the free mass GSI CBM and PANDA FOPI, KaoS, ANKE pionic atoms SIS: increased K- yield in nuclei through medium modification KTB

11. Mesons in Nuclear Matter Hadrons in nuclei D effective mass opens strong decay channels → properties of (vector) mesons changed KTB

12. vertex detector Detectors • Fixed-target experiment •  Forward-backward asymmetry required • Solenoid + dipole • Granularity increase with decreasing scattering angle 1m C. Schwarz, GSI Lower quality requirements for backward hemisphere  Access to most detectors will be possible through the upstream end of the detector (e.g. DIRC) only. KTB

13. Detectors PANDA, top view PANDA, side view KTB

14. 1 mm Targets Pellet target: 1016 atoms/cm2 , pellets of 20-40 µm diameter L= 1031 cm-2s-1 with 5·1010 p in HESR, suited for high resolution mode, Dp/p ~ 10-5, with e--cooling (up to 8 GeV) KTB

15. Targets Cluster jet target: Up to 1015 atoms/cm2 about 1 cm long in interaction region L=2·1032/cm2s with 2·1011 p in HESR (Dp/p ~ 10-4 with stochastic cooling) A. Khoukaz, U Münster Superfluid Helium targets: 1015 atoms/cm2, droplets, 0.5-100 µm ø with little divergence only (<0.1°) Heavy ion targets: heavy gases, wires, and foils KTB

16. Targets and Trigger • Panda will have to cope with an extended interaction region • Primary vertex often unknown • Wires and (perhaps) pellets define z with ~20 µm accuracy, displacement observable • 107 interactions per second have to be handled and efficiently searched for events of desired shape KTB

17. C. Schwarz, GSI Detectors: Forward Spectrometer • Forward dipole: • Max. B-field 2 Tm, actual field given by beam energy • 1 m gap • Tracking with drift chambers • PID with Cherenkov • e-m calorimeter • Hadronic calorimeter • Muon chambers KTB

18. Detectors: e-m Calorimeter Barrel APD readout, fast scintillator to handle high rate KTB

19. Detectors: DIRC PID (e, m, p, K, p): below 50 hadronic calorimeter 50<Θ<220aerogel Cherenkov counter or forward RICH 220<Θ<1400 DIRC (BABAR@SLAC) Simulated DIRC response: p / K sep. KTB

20. Detectors • DIRC provides particle ID above 700 MeV/c only, • but dynamic range of particles extends down to much lower momenta, esp. in backward direction • Time-of-flight and/or energy loss measurement required! Add plastic barrel, use Silicon detector pulse height … KTB

21. Detectors: Outer Tracker Straw tubes • Alternating tilted layers • 15 double layers • 9000 tubes • Layers 2-14 are inclined with skew angles between 4-9o • Tube length –1.5 m • Tube diameters –4, 6, 8 mm • 20 µm aluminized mylar, anode wire 20 µm thick • Light materials • Self-supporting structure • High rate capability due to single-straw readout KTB

22. Detectors: Outer Tracker Performance studies (GEANT4) Transverse resolution 150 µm Longitudinal resolution 1 mm KTB KTB Feb. 04, 2003

23. A. Sokolov, GSI Detectors: Inner Vertex Micro-vertex detector Conceptual design adopts state-of-the-art silicon sensor techniques (ATLAS/CMS/ALICE inner tracker layers) • Design features: • 5 layers forward of 90° • Barrel and forward disk structures • Smallest possible inner radius • Fast readout KTB

24. forward wheels pixels 100 µm X 150 µm barrel pixels 50 µm X 300 µm ToF beam pipe pellet pipe total area < 0.2 m2 Detectors: Inner Vertex 7.2M barrel pixels, 50 μm x 300 μm 2M forward pixels, 100 μm x 150 μm 5 layers, 200 μm thick sensors (0.25%X0) Bump-bonded readout, 300 µm thick (0.37% X0) KTB

25. Detectors: Inner Vertex Radial deviation Longitudinal dev. track y z x KTB KTB April 24, 2003

26. Detectors: Inner Vertex Micro-vertex detector optimisation KTB

27. Detectors: Inner Vertex Micro-vertex detector optimisation Change in beam pipe diameter 2 cm  4 cm (may be needed for vacuum and pumping) distance / mm KTB

28. Detectors: Inner Vertex Barrel 90 staves, forward 120 staves Thickness: staves 0.32% X0 cooling 0.4% X0 TOTAL 0.96% to 3.6% X0 Beam pipe now BeAl alloy, 500 µm KTB

29. (A. Sokolov, GSI) Detectors: Inner Vertex Present round of simulations Conversion probabilities (from pp  3p0 at 8 GeV/c) Beam pipe 0.9% Vertex detector 3.1% Straw tracker 3.5% (2% from support) DIRC 20% KTB

30.  / mm  / mm  / deg  / deg Detectors: Inner Vertex Spatial resolution Multiple scattering of µ with Pc = 1 GeV KTB

31. Mean resolution for pp4mevents at 8 GeV Detectors: Inner Vertex Modification of pixel orientation (size 50 µm x 400 µm) 1st and 3rd – 5th layers with pads  to beam 2nd layer || to beam direction Pad intrinsic resolution 12 µm x 70 µm KTB

32. D [mm] Z [mm] Detectors: Inner Vertex Y(3770)D+D- K++K-+2p++2p- Only longitudinal coordinate sensitive to D-mesons KTB

33. 8 GeV/c Detectors: Inner Vertex KTB

34. Hypernuclei KTB

35. Detectors: Inner Vertex Considerations on radiation hardness Multiplicity of neutrons/protons, p+Fe, 7 GeV/c, about 10 (total particle multiplicity 30)[UrQMD, Galoyan&Polanski hep-ph/0304196] Neutron flux: HI targets aiming at 107 interactions/s, Mn = 10 => Φn 106 cm-2s-1in innermost layer (r = 1 cm) 3·1013neutrons per year, probably less in case of Hydrogen targets KTB

36. DAQ and Trigger • Self-triggered detector readout • Flash ADCs • Synchronization via distributed clock, 50 ps resolution • NO trigger signals, but FPGA-based flexible data reduction, feature extraction and filtering on the fly • High-performance computer nodes and high-bandwidth connections, Gbit Ethernet • Hardware: PC memories and FPGAs • Self-Triggered Data Push Architecture to allow parallel selection of different event types KTB

37. Summary PANDA @ GSI will have a rich physics programme. A broad range of physics topics will be covered with one multi-purpose detector setup. For most of these topics, a micro-vertex detector is essential. Studies for the detector layout are under way. Also under investigation: alternative designs, e.g. employing MAPS and/or strip detectors. KTB

38. U Bochum U Bonn U & INFN Brescia U Catania U Cracow GSI Darmstadt TU Dresden JINR Dubna I + II U Erlangen NWU Evanston U & INFN Ferrara U Frankfurt LNF-INFN Frascati U & INFN Genova U Glasgow U Gießen 40 Institutes (32 Locations) from 9 Countries:Austria - Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – United Kingdom – USA KVI Groningen IKP Jülich I + II U Katowice LANL Los Alamos U Mainz TU München U Münster BINP Novosibirsk U Pavia U of Silesia U Torino Politechnico di Torino U & INFN Trieste U Tübingen U & TSL Uppsala ÖAdW Vienna SINS Warsaw KTB